The initiation and morphogenesis of cutaneous appendages depend on a series of reciprocal signaling events between the epithelium and mesenchyme of the embryonic skin. In the development of feather germs, early dermal signals induce the formation of epidermal placodes that in turn signal the mesoderm to form dermal condensations immediately beneath them. We find a spatially and temporally restr...

Feathers are the most prevalent agricultural waste generated by chicken farms, polluting environment and wasting protein resources as a result of accumulation large amounts feathers. Therefore, keratinase-producing microorganisms represent promising potential technique for degradation feather waste. Streptomyces netropsis A-ICA Bacillus subtilis ALICA, previously isolated from rhizosphere deser...

methenamine salts have been traditionally used in the veterinary and human medicine, but its use is sometimes associated with some side effects.toxicopathological effects of methenamine salt have always been a major concern. there is scantly information available about the lesions of methenamine compound in embryo. the objective of this study was to determine the teratogenic effects of methenam...

The objective of this preliminary study was to partially replace phenol in the synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde resin with feather protein. Feather protein–based resins, which contained one part feather protein and two parts phenol, were formulated under the conditions of two feather protein hydrolysis methods (with and without presence of phenol during hydrolysis), two formaldehyde/phenol mola...

The ectodysplasin pathway, comprising the ligand ectodysplasin, its receptor Edar and a dedicated death domain adaptor protein Edaradd, plays an important role in epidermal organ formation in mammals. Mutations in the genes encoding these proteins cause dysplasia or absence of teeth, sweat glands and hair follicles. However, the relative position of this pathway in the regulatory hierarchy dire...

Broiler chickens in Brazil are generally reared from 1 to 42 days when they are exposed to procedures such as fasting, harvesting, crating and transport to slaughter. Maintaining homeostasis is of great importance for broiler survival under harsh environment especially prior to slaughter. Heat loss varies in the distinct parts of the body during the growth period, and it is related to the air t...

Keratin are insoluble fibrous proteins found in hair, wool, feather, nail, horns and other epithelial covering which is rich in beta helical coil linked through cysteine bridges. Keratinase (EC 3.4.4.25) belongs to the class hydrolase which are able to hydrolyse insoluble keratins more efficient than other proteases. The bacteria Bacillus licheniformis showing higher keratinase activity was scr...

The first isolation of Salmonella blockley in Thailand was found in 2 strains of animal feed samples and 3 strains of chicken feather samples from a private poultry company in 1989. From 1987 to 1992, the number of S. blockley isolates increased and found in various sources. The major sources were the stools of diarrheal patients, mainly children. Another source of S. blockley was frozen chicke...

Dermal hyperpigmentation or Fibromelanosis (FM) is one of the few examples of skin pigmentation phenotypes in the chicken, where most other pigmentation variants influence feather color and patterning. The Silkie chicken is the most widespread and well-studied breed displaying this phenotype. The presence of the dominant FM allele results in extensive pigmentation of the dermal layer of skin an...