Metastasis and chemoresistance in cancer are linked phenomena, but the molecular basis for this link is unknown. We uncovered a network of paracrine signals between carcinoma, myeloid, and endothelial cells that drives both processes in breast cancer. Cancer cells that overexpress CXCL1 and 2 by transcriptional hyperactivation or 4q21 amplification are primed for survival in metastatic sites. C...

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the major treatments for gastric cancer, but drug resistance limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy, which results in treatment failure. Resistance to chemotherapy can be present intrinsically before the administration of chemotherapy or it can develop during chemoth...

The prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains dismal, with little advance in chemotherapy because of its high frequency of chemoresistance. Metformin is widely used to treat type II diabetes, and was shown recently to inhibit pancreatic cancer stem cell proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the role of metformin in chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, and its p...

Blocking or evading apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer [1]. Recent advances in genomic sequencing have identified many mutations in cancer cells, prompting an increased effort to identify driver mutations in critical pathways that impact upon cell survival. Interestingly though, many cancers have intact apoptotic machinery where mutation rates of key regulators is very low the BCL-2 fa...

N.P. Lee et al. (eds.), New Advances on Disease Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in Biomedicine, DOI 10.1007/978-1-62703-456-2_14, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 Abstract Glioma remains one of the most aggressive and lethal form of cancer. Despite the best available treatment options including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, prognosis is poor with a median o...

PURPOSE We tested the hypotheses that Src tyrosine kinase overactivity represents a chemoresistance mechanism and that Src inhibition may enhance gemcitabine cytotoxicity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells PANC1, MiaPaCa2, Capan2, BxPC3, and PANC1(GemRes), a stably gemcitabine-resistant subline of PANC1, were exposed to combinations of gemc...

Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) invariably develop resistance to anti-androgen therapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been implicated in PCa resistance; however, the mechanisms underlying GR-mediated chemoresistance remain unclear. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75 (LEDGF/p75, also known as PSIP1 DFS70) is a glucocorticoid-induced transcript...

Chemoresistance is one of the main factors treatment failure cervical cancer (CC). Here, we intended to discover role and mechanism miR-509-5p in paclitaxel chemoresistance CC cells. RT-PCR was conducted verify miR-509-3p expression. HCC94 C-33A paclitaxel-resistant cell models were constructed. Additionally, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay flow cytometr...

Purpose: To investigate the antitumor and chemoresistance-lowering effects of pectolinarigenin on breast cancer cells. Methods: Pectolinarigenin was purified by a combination of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography from ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of C. japonicum DC. Breast cancer selfrenewal properties were tested by colony formation and tumor sphere formation assays. T...

Hepatocellular cancers (HCC) are highly resistant to chemotherapy. TGFβ has been associated with chemoresistance in some human cancers but the mechanisms involved are unknown. We explored how TGFβ might contribute to altered responses to therapy by assessing the involvement and mechanistic contribution of extracellular vesicle long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in mediating TGFβ-dependent chemoresist...