Searching for a new solvent of a catalyst reaction is an important task in chemical reaction engineering. Usually a literature review is the first step of the search. However, large data sets with high dimensionality could not be effectively explored when a problem is not well defined. Our approach to the analysis of titles, abstracts and full text of scientific articles is to use semantic anal...

A novel chemical "top-down" method has been employed to prepare tiny Fe3O4 nanobelts. Uniform Fe3O4 nanobelts were obtained by solvothermal reduction of exfoliated FeOCl layers with the assistance of high polar solvents and a PEO-PPO-PEO stabilizer. We also studied the superparamagnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanobelts, which exhibit a magnetic saturation value as high as ∼53 emu g(-1) at room tem...

The macroscopical characters of the roots, physical constant values, extractive values, colour, consistency and extractive values with different solvents, behaviour on treatment with different chemical reagents, fluorescence characters of liquid extracts and root powder after treatment with different chemical reagents under ultraviolet light of the powdered roots of Tragia involucrata Linn. (Fa...

Turpentine is a volatile hydrocarbon used in polishes, solvents, paints and textile industry. When hydrocarbons are aspirated into the lung, they cause chemical pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and rarely pneumatoceles and pneumothorax. We report a 20-year old boy with turpentine-induced chemical pneumonitis that evolved into a bronchopleural fistula. He was treated with...

Most of the carbon-based compounds currently manufactured by the chemical industry are derived from petroleum. The rising cost and dwindling supply of oil have been focusing attention on possible routes to making chemicals, fuels, and solvents from biomass instead. In this context, many recent studies have assessed the relative merits of applying different dedicated crops to chemical production...

Within the last decade, ionic liquids have come to the fore as environmentally-responsible designer solvents. But what are ionic liquids and what can they offer the analytical scientist? This article addresses these questions and chronicles recent progress made in the application of ionic liquids toward analytical problem-solving. While further progress is required before ionic liquids become m...

Signal stability is essential for reliable multivariate data analysis. Urine samples show strong variance in signal positions due to inter patient differences. Here we study the exchange of the solvent of a defined urine matrix and how it affects signal and integral stability of the urinary metabolites by NMR spectroscopy. The exchange solvents were methanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, c...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been found to be a major contributor to air pollution in many chemical and industrial processes. Recently, a new class of solvents–ionic liquids, which are chemically stable and non-volatile liquid organic salts at temperatures less than 100 C, have attracted widespread interest due to its negligible volatility, nonflammability and high ionic conductivity....

1. Advantages of Chemical Redox Agents 878 2. Disadvantages of Chemical Redox Agents 879 C. Potentials in Nonaqueous Solvents 879 D. Reversible vs Irreversible ET Reagents 879 E. Categorization of Reagent Strength 881 II. Oxidants 881 A. Inorganic 881 1. Metal and Metal Complex Oxidants 881 2. Main Group Oxidants 887 B. Organic 891 1. Radical Cations 891 2. Carbocations 893 3. Cyanocarbons and ...

Principal component analysis (PCA) of a large data matrix (153 solvents x 396 solutes) for Ostwald solubility coefficients (log L) resulted in a two-component model covering 98.6% of the variability. Analysis of the principal components exposed the structural characteristics of solutes and solvents that codify interactions which determine the behavior of a chemical in the surrounding media. The...