The availability and cycling of nutrients is determined by an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes in an ecosystem. This interaction of processes, collectively known as biogeochemistry, is important as it determines the forms, transformations, and ultimate fate of nutrients in a given system. This chapter focuses on biogeochemical processes in springs and spring runs with...

Rationale Fungicide applications are a necessary practice to discourage disease development in most high quality turfgrass areas. Little is known, however, about the effects that fungicides have on resident microbial community of the soils supporting turfgrass sites. Soil bacteria are responsible for important processes including pesticide degradation, nutrient cycling, and organic matter break...

Paraquat, a quaternary ammonium bipyridyl herbicide, produces degenerative lesions in the lung after systemic administration to man and animals. The pulmonary toxicity of paraquat resembles in several ways the toxicity of several other lung toxins, including oxygen, nitrofurantoin and bleomycin. Although a definitive mechanism of toxicity of paraquat has not been delineated, a cyclic single ele...

Herein, facile synthesis of monodisperse silicon and carbon nanocomposite spheres (MSNSs) is achieved via a simple and scalable surface-protected magnesiothermic reduction with subsequent chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Li-ion batteries (LIBs) were fabricated to test the utility of MSNSs as an anode material. LIB anodes based on MSNSs demonstrate a high reversible capacity of 3207 mAh ...

Additional experimental evidence is presented for in vitro generation of hydroxyl radicals because of redox cycling of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) produced after adsorption of 2-monochlorophenol at 230 °C (2-MCP-230) on copper oxide supported by silica, 5% Cu(II)O/silica (3.9% Cu). A chemical spin trapping agent, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), in conjunction with ...

Transition metal dichalcogenide materials have been considered as promising anode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries because of their high specific capacity and low cost. Here, we demonstrate an iron sulfide Fe3S4 as a new anode material for a rechargeable sodium-ion battery. The involved conversion mechanism has been proved when the as-prepared Fe3S4 was used as the host material ...

*Correspondence: Fanglin Chen, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA e-mail: [email protected] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can convert chemical energy from the fuel directly to electrical energy with high efficiency and fuel flexibility. Ni-based cermets have been the most widely adopted anode for SOFCs. However, the conv...

We thank Prof. Gabriel Filipelli for his kind words regarding this study and are very pleased to see that he appreciates the implications, specifically regarding the possible over-interpretation of reactive (Ca-)P burial based on chemical analysis of sedimentary records. We have also taken to heart his criticism that the final section (6.3) on Fe and S cycling does not seem to fit with the core...

Although it is known that soot particles are emitted in large quantities to the atmosphere, our understanding of their environmental effects is limited by our knowledge of how their composition is subsequently altered through atmospheric processing. Here we present an on-line mass spectrometric study of the changing chemical composition of hydrocarbon soot particles as they are oxidized by gas-...