We show that the Zipf's law for Chinese characters perfectly holds for sufficiently short texts (few thousand different characters). The scenario of its validity is similar to the Zipf's law for words in short English texts. For long Chinese texts (or for mixtures of short Chinese texts), rank-frequency relations for Chinese characters display a two-layer, hierarchic structure that combines a Z...

Two sets of identities between unitary minimal Virasoro characters at levels m = 3, 4, 5 are presented and proven. The first identity suggests a connection between the Ising and the tricritical Ising models since the m = 3 Virasoro characters are obtained as bilinears of m = 4 Virasoro characters. The second identity gives the tricritical Ising model characters as bilinears in the Ising model c...

Character segmentation is an important preprocessing step for text recognition. In degraded documents, existence of touching characters decreases recognition rate drastically, for any optical character recognition (OCR) system. In this paper we have proposed a complete solution for segmenting touching characters in all the three zones of printed Gurmukhi script. A study of touching Gurmukhi cha...

Whether reading a novel, watching TV, or enjoying a film, people are captivated by personality-rich interactive characters. They willingly suspend disbelief in order to immerse themselves in vicarious experiences with these characters. More recently, efforts have begun to create interactive characters in computer media. Several interesting questions arise. How can we create personality-rich cha...

So far we’ve studied only the evolution of a single trait, e.g., height or weight. But organisms have many traits, and they evolve at the same time. How can we understand their simultaneous evolution? The basic framework of the quantitative genetic approach was first outlined by Russ Lande and Steve Arnold [2]. Let z1, z2, . . . , zn be the phenotype of each character that we are studying. We’l...

Traditional CNN-based text recognition problems have either been single-character classification like MNIST or complex, stateful full-word classifications like the LSTM approach in Graves et al. I explore a stateless approach to word recognition by using Faster R-CNN’s region proposal network in conjunction with a heuristic to produce word labels from region proposals. While the results are pro...

This paper reviews several trials of re-designing conventional communication medium, i.e., characters, for enriching their functions by using data-embedding techniques. For example, characters are redesigned to have better machine-readability even under various geometric distortions by embedding a geometric invariant into each character image to represent class label of the character. Another e...

Speech animation is traditionally considered as important but tedious work for most applications, especially when taking lip synchronization (lip-sync) into consideration, because the muscles on the face are complex and interact dynamically. Although there are several methods proposed to ease the burden on artists to create facial and speech animation, almost none are fast and efficient. In thi...

So far we’ve studied only the evolution of a single trait, e.g., height or weight. But organisms have many traits, and they evolve at the same time. How can we understand their simultaneous evolution? The basic framework of the quantitative genetic approach was first outlined by Russ Lande and Steve Arnold [2]. Let z1, z2, . . . , zn be the phenotype of each character that we are studying. We’l...