It is known that densely populated coastal areas may be adversely affected as a result of the climate change effects. In this respect, for protection, utilization, and management it critical to understand changes in wind speed (WS) significant wave height (SWH) areas. Innovative approaches, which are one trend analysis methods used an effective way examine these changes, have started very frequ...

Wetlands are vulnerable natural habitats that should be preserved to protect habitat for fish and wildlife, flood mitigation, improve water quality, recharge area, maintain surface flow during dry periods. Water bodies swamp areas two primary components of the wetland. Considering its essential roles ecosystem, Lake Sentarum was set as a national park area (Lake National Park – TNDS), Indonesia...

Abstract. In this study, the detection and characteristics of dry/wet spells (defined as episodes when precipitation is abnormally low or high compared to usual climatology) drawn from several datasets are for Senegal. Here, four based on satellite data (TRMM-3B42 V7, CMORPH V1.0, TAMSAT V3, CHIRPS V2. 0), two reanalysis products (NCEP-CFSR ERA5), three rain gauge observations (CPC Unified V1.0...

The estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), a crucial step in the hydrologic cycle, is essential for system design and management, including balancing, planning, scheduling agricultural water supply resources. When climates vary from arid to semi-arid, there are problems with lack meteorological data future information on ETo, as case Egypt, it more important estimate ETo precisely. T...

The Caspian Sea is of particular interest. Against the background long-term sea level changes, low-lying coastal areas in northern part are subject to constant flooding as a result storm surges. elongation meridional direction allows development strong waves middle and southern parts. A comprehensive understanding characteristics surges especially important context ongoing climate change. This ...

Precipitation is an essential driving factor of hydrological models. Its temporal and spatial resolution reliability directly affect the accuracy modeling. Acquiring accurate areal precipitation needs substantial ground rainfall stations in space. In many basins, are sparse uneven, so real-time satellite products (SPPs) have become important supplement to ground-gauged (GGP). A multi-source fus...

Lake Superior, the largest lake in the world by surface area and third largest by volume, features strong spatiotemporal thermal variability due to its immense size and complex bathymetry. The objectives of this study are to document our recent modeling experiences on the simulation of the lake thermal structure and to explore underlying dynamic explanations of the observed modeling success. In...

Abstract. Climate change impact studies require a reference climatological dataset providing baseline period to assess future changes and post-process climate model biases. High-resolution gridded precipitation temperature datasets interpolated from weather stations are available in regions of high-density networks stations, as is the case most parts Europe United States. In many world's region...