Many diseases are related to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamics. Therefore, understanding the hydrodynamics of CSF flow and intracranial pressure is helpful for obtaining deeper knowledge of pathological processes and providing better treatments. Furthermore, engineering a reliable computational method is promising approach for fabricating in vitro models which is essential for inventing g...

During embryonic development and adult life, brain cavities and ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF has attracted interest as an active signaling medium that regulates brain development, homeostasis and disease. CSF is a complex protein-rich fluid containing growth factors and signaling molecules that regulate multiple cell functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Th...

In an infusion test the apparent rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production is temporarily increased through injection of fluid directly into the CSF system with the result that CSF pressure rises, in theory to a new plateau average, and the change in pressure level gives a measure of resistance to CSF outflow and the rate of approach to the plateau gives information about cerebral compliance...

A restrained 20 year old male driver presents after a rollover motor vehicle collision. He is repetitive after sustaining a loss of consciousness, but is a Glasco Coma Scale of 15 on arrival. He is complaining of left ear and shoulder pain. He has no focal findings other than a ruptured left tympanic membrane (Figure). A “halo” or “ring” sign, occurs when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mixes with bl...

meningitis is one of the most common infectious cerebral nervous system (cns), defined as an inflammation of the meninges. it is clinically categorized into a chronic and acute based on the acuity of symptoms. vomiting, bulging fontanel and fever are the main symptoms in the patients with meningitis. bacterial meningitis is a severe, potentially life-threatening infection that is associated wit...

introduction: evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) white blood cell (wbc) count and glucose and protein concentrations is used to assess the probability of the presence of central nervous system (cns) infection. although normal values are well established for csf cell counts and protein and glucose contents in children and adults, this is not the case for neonates. the purpose of this st...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ultrafiltrate of plasma formed by active, ATP-dependent pumps located predominantly in the choroidal epithelium. CSF is continuously produced and absorbed, turning over approximately 3-4 times per day. CSF normally is colorless, odorless, and contains very few cells. Compared to serum, CSF is low in protein, glucose, potassium and calcium, but high in sodium, mag...

BACKGROUND Despite the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), a large proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients may develop moderate neurocognitive impairment. Antiretroviral drug passage into the central nervous system may be relevant for preventing and treating HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder; nevertheless, clear cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p...

BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a critical condition with a substantial risk of meningitis. We investigated the use of transferrin isoform analysis as a diagnostic marker for detection of CSF leakage in fluid samples. METHODS We analyzed 241 samples from patients with CSF leakage, most commonly presenting as otorrhea or rhinorrhea, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ...

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indinavir concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The median concentration in plasma exceeded that in CSF 10-fold. The modeled CSF curve was flat at 155 nM, and the estimated ratio of the areas under the CSF and plasma concentration-time curves was 6%. We conclude that CSF indinavir concentrations are lower than levels in plas...