Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of death. Hypothermia has been recognized as an effective method in reducing brain injury. In this study, we assessed the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a neuroprotective agent and mild hypothermia on mortality, behavioral function, infarct volume, and brain edema in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty male rats were used in fiv...

Cerebral edema is a common disease, secondary to craniocerebral injury, and real-time continuous monitoring of cerebral edema is crucial for treating patients after traumatic brain injury. This work established a noninvasive and noncontact system by monitoring the magnetic induction phase shift (MIPS) which is associated with brain tissue conductivity. Sixteen rabbits (experimental group n = 10...

BACKGROUND Cerebral edema is an important risk factor for death and poor outcome following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is held responsible for the degradation of microvascular basal lamina proteins leading to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and, thus, formation of vasogenic cerebral edema. The curren...

Rabies encephalitis is a uniformly fatal disease with several hypothesis proposed to explain pathogenesis and mortality. One such theory premises deficiency of neuronal nitric oxide synthetase deficiency causing selective cerebral vasospasm. We present transcranial Doppler findings in a case of rabies that did not show imaging evidence of vasospasm. Transcranial Doppler in two published cases h...

The role of aquaporins (AQPs) in the formation of cerebral edema after stroke: Stroke can be classified into either ischemic or hemorrhagic based on their etiological mechanism. Cerebral edema development often accompanies both ischemic infarct and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Cerebral edema is differentiated according to their underlying mechanism and time course: cytotoxic and vasogenic. C...