The cerebellum is well developed in cartilaginous fishes, with the same cell types (barring basket cells) and organizational features found in other vertebrate groups, including mammals. In particular, the lattice-like organization of cerebellar cortex (with a molecular layer of parallel fibers, interneurons, spiny Purkinje cell dendrites, and climbing fibers) is a defining characteristic. In a...

New insights into the functional neuroanatomic correlates of emotions point toward involvement cerebellum in anger and aggression. To identify cerebellar regions commonly activated tasks examining experience threat as well exerting an aggressive response, two coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses reporting a total 57 foci from 819 participants were performed. For proce...

The cerebral cortex communicates with the cerebellum via polysynaptic circuits. Separate regions of the cerebellum are connected to distinct cerebral areas, forming a complex topography. In this study we explored the organization of cerebrocerebellar circuits in the human using resting-state functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI). Data from 1,000 subjects were registered using nonlinear deformatio...

How the elaborate neuronal circuit in the cerebellum operates and is involved in motor learning is a question addressed in earnest in studies on the cerebellum. During the past four decades, experimental studies have revealed circuit and module structures of the cerebellum, established long-term depression (LTD) as a unique and characteristic type of synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum, and a...

The cerebellum has classically been linked to motor learning and coordination. However, there is renewed interest in the role of the cerebellum in non-motor functions such as cognition and in the context of different neuropsychiatric disorders. The contribution of neuroimaging studies to advancing understanding of cerebellar structure and function has been limited, partly due to the cerebellum ...

Article Synopsis: (100 words) The cerebellum is a key structure for the control of movement. However, the exact role of the cerebellum in motor control is unclear or at least highly controversial. One prominent hypothesis is that the cerebellum is important for motor learning. We review the evidence used to support this hypothesis during procedural or skill learning and find that though it is c...

To facilitate quantification of cerebellum cerebral blood flow (CBF), studies were performed to systematically optimize arterial spin labeling (ASL) parameters for measuring cerebellum perfusion, segment cerebellum to obtain separate CBF values for grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM), and compare FAIR ASST to PICORE. Cerebellum GM and WM CBF were measured with optimized ASL parameters using ...