Volume expansion often ameliorates symptoms of orthostatic intolerance; however, the influence of this increased volume on integrated baroreflex control of vascular sympathetic activity is unknown. We tested whether acute increases in central venous pressure (CVP) diminished subsequent responsiveness of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to rapid changes in arterial pressure. We studied h...

Cardiovascular changes were monitored continuously in 13 women during stimulated labour conducted under extradural analgesia with bupivacaine. Three solutions of bupivacaine (0.5% plain, 0.25% with adrenaline and 0.5% with adrenaline) were administered in a random fashion. The results show that the plain solution of bupivacaine was associated with a decrease in central venous pressure and an in...

highly purified animal insulins.3 Patients should therefore be transferred to human insulin onlv when there is a medical indication, under a doctor's guidance, and after having been informed that a change in symptoms ofhypoglycaemia could occur. As advocated previously,"' a large randomised clinical trial is now needed to establish definitively whether there is an increased risk of severe hypog...

Changes in cardiorespiratory function resulting from haemorrhage and overtransfusion were measured in forty-seven dogs during controlled ventilation. In the animals bled to a mean arterial pressure of 70 mm Hg there were significant reductions in arterial Pco,, carbon dioxide output and oxygen consumption, cardiac output and total venous admixture. In the animals transfused to a mean central ve...

DR. HALES: I don't think I will have a great deal to say now, but I hope that you will agree that my co-proponent showed that blood volume maintenance is a very important factor in heat stress. The question then is what is sensed as volume changes. Dr. Kirsch talked about the importance of the venous pressure gradient from the skin or systemic vasculatures into the central venous pool and the g...

We believe that dynamic parameters such as stroke volume variation are currently the best markers of volume responsiveness.1 While the models of Guyton and Starling are magnificent in their simplicity, therapeutic interventions based on these principles may lead to therapeutic errors in complex critically ill patients. This is demonstrated by the fact that no clinical study (of which we are awa...

Fluid administration during and after surgery is a fundamental strategy for maintaining hemodynamic stability. Technology offers different strategies for hemodynamic monitoring and decision making about fluids administration. In particular patients may be divided into fluid-responding patients and non-fluid-responding patients. Central venous pressure, measured by a central venous catheter, is ...

Measurements of cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and heart rate were made in seven patients undergoing laparoscopy. Measurements were made before and after insufflation of the peritoneum with carbon dioxide, and again after intravenous injection of oxprenolol 2 mg. No significant change in cardiac output followed peritoneal insufflation, but there was a significa...