Dear Editor, Neovascular (“wet”) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) are amongst the most common causes of blindness.1-3 Traditionally, these conditions were treated with thermal laser photocoagulation, however, the advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has revolutionised the treatment of these diseases.1,4,5 T...

BACKGROUND In recent years, intravitreal injections have added to the treatment modalities available for macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). This article aims to provide an update regarding the management of ME secondary to RVO. METHODS A work group met in order to analyze the literature available on Embase/PubMed, regarding treatments for venous occlusion that have ...

BACKGROUND The role of blood viscosity and haemostasis has been investigated in mixed groups of patients with branch and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with conflicting results. This may have partly been due to the different aetiologies of these two types of vein occlusion. METHODS In this study viscosity and coagulation (including activated protein C resistance) were examined in 87 pa...

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a relatively common disease, often associated with the presence of diseases related to internal medicine. It is well known that RVO is associated with common systemic vascular disorders such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis and diabetes. Several studies using hospital-based controls have shown an increased risk of RVO in patients with arteriopathy, or high level...

AIM This study aimed to assess the diagnostic ramifications of vascular occlusion of the ocular vein and artery as a first thrombotic event associated with factor V Leiden (FVL) and/or prothrombin gene (PTG) heterozygosity. METHODS Patients with ocular vein (n=191) and artery (n=74) occlusion, free of cardioembolic etiologies, were sequentially referred from vitreoretinal specialists for meas...

Purpose To provide a comprehensive and current review on the available experimental animal models of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and to identify their strengths and limitations with the purpose of helping researchers to plan preclinical studies on RVO. Methods A systematic review of the literature on experimental animal models of RVO was undertaken. Medline, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databa...

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) is a common disease causing loss of vision and even blindness. Although CRVO is among the most common vascular disorders affecting the retina, second in prevalence only to diabetic retinopathy, and it has been known for more than 150 years, there is a great deal of confusion regarding its management. The pathogenesis of CRVO is multifactorial with both loca...

This case describes the reversal of early central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) with disc swelling after intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) injection. A 44-year-old female presented with sudden-onset intermittent blurred vision in her left eye. Fundus examination revealed multiple retinal hemorrhages without macular edema (ME). Two weeks later, an increased number of retinal hemorrhag...

purpose: to assess the effectiveness of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide on macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (brvo). design: a prospective noncomparative interventional case series. patients & methods: fourteen eyes of 14 patients with macular edema associated with brvo were enrolled. in all patients after thorough ophthalmic examination, 4 mg triamci...