how to cite this article: khoddami m, akbarzadeh a, mordai a, bidari zerehpoush f, alipour h, samadzadeh s, alipour b.diagnostic accuracy of frozen section of central nervous system lesions: a 10-year study. iran j child neurol. 2015 winter;9(1):25-30.   abstract objective definitive diagnosis of the central nervous system (cns) lesions is unknown prior to histopathological examination. to dete...

Background and Objectives: Gliomas are the most prevalent subgroup of primary brain tumors with a relatively high mortality. However, oligodendrogliomas have a better prognosis compared to other subtypes due to their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Considering the low incidence and the resulting lack of information about oligodendrogliomas, particularly i...

It has been shown by WVeiss and Laties'> that amphetamines, besides being central stimulants, not only improve physical performance but also a motivation to perform the work better, and more so when fatigue is setting in. Prolonged exercise with the concomitant relative muscular anoxia causes accumulation of lactic acid in blood and tissues because its uptake by liver is slower than its rate of...

BACKGROUND In spite of globalizing processes 'offline' retail drug markets remain localized and - in recent decades - typically 'closed', in which dealers sell primarily to known customers. We characterize drug cryptomarkets as 'anonymous open' marketplaces that allow the diffusion of drugs across locales. Where cryptomarket customers make stock-sourcing purchases for offline distribution, the ...

MCNAUGHTON, L.R., J. SIEGLER, and A. MIDGLEY. Ergogenic effects of sodium bicarbonate. Curr. Sports Med. Rep., Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 230—236, 2008. Athletes use many different strategies to enhance their performance, including clothing and footwear, training regimes, diets, and ergogenic aids. The use of ergogenic aids is believed to be widespread, with a variety of legal as well as illegal substa...

BACKGROUND It is known that a wide variety of factors exacerbate asthma; however, few studies have investigated the factors that exacerbate asthma from a patient's perspective. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that exacerbate asthma, based on a questionnaire completed by asthma patients in Niigata Prefecture. METHODS Based on questionnaires given to 3085 patients who visited t...

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a short-term oral creation (Cr) supplementation on body mass and maximal performance in professional soccer players. Using a double blind randomised placebo-controlled trial, 16 male professional soccer players (8 Cr, mean age, 22.5 years; 8 placebo, 22.8 years), highly trained, were tested before (T1) and after (T2) a five days oral Cr (or placebo) sup...

This study compared the effects of a single and divided dose of caffeine on endurance performance and on postexercise urinary caffeine and plasma paraxanthine concentrations. Nine male cyclists and triathletes cycled for 90 min at 68% of maximal oxygen uptake, followed by a self-paced time trial (work equivalent to 80% of maximal oxygen uptake workload over 30 min) with three randomized, balanc...

BACKGROUND The illicit use of prescription stimulants (IUPS) has emerged as a high-risk behavior of the 21st century college student. As the study of IUPS is relatively new, we aimed to understand (1) characteristics of IUPS (i.e., initiation, administration routes, drug sources, motives, experiences), and (2) theory-guided intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental correlates associated w...

Protein supplement use is common among athletes, active adults, and military personnel. This review provides a summary of the evidence base that either supports or refutes the ergogenic effects associated with different mechanisms that have been proposed to support protein supplementation. It was clear that if carbohydrate delivery was optimal either during or after an acute bout of exercise th...