To improve the quality of health care in Nepal, supervision/ monitoring involving periodic visits by the district supervisor to health facilities (top-down approach) is in practice. It is not objectively implemented because of time and financial constraints and terrain of the country. To assess the effectiveness of a pre-tested strategy i.e. peer-group discussion with self-assessment piloted th...

The shortage of adequate facilities and qualified staff at district and community level means that tertiary eye care services in Viet Nam have been overburdened by high volumes of patients, not all of whom needed tertiary-level care. In Quang Nam province, an additional challenge is the mountainous terrain, which makes travel very difficult. To help reduce the pressure on tertiary centres and i...

The paper is an attempt to visualize a comparative view of rural and urban spatial patterns of beggars’ employment, variations in the level of their socio-economic status, and the relationship between their rate of employment with selected variables of socio-economic development in Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh. The study is based on primary source of data, collected through the field surve...

The Province of the Punjab underwent a number of attempts to decentralize the health sector in the 1990s. Among the most important were the decentralization of financial management within the district, the Sheikhupura PHC Pilot Project, the establishment of the District Health Authorities and District Health Management Teams, the creation of semi-autonomous hospitals and the programme of Distri...

OBJECTIVE To determine differences in the incidence of epilepsy associated with deprivation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of new cases of epilepsy presenting over 3 years linked to census based population and deprivation data. SETTING Norfolk UK. PATIENTS Children aged 29 days to 14 years presenting to the only district hospital serving the study area. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME...

BACKGROUND Surgery is increasingly recognized as an important driver for health systems strengthening, especially in developing countries. To facilitate quality improvement initiatives, baseline knowledge of capacity for surgical, anaesthetic, emergency and obstetric care is critical. In partnership with the Malawi Ministry of Health, we quantified government hospitals' surgical capacity throug...

Decentralization and polycentric spatial structure strategies are important ways to alleviate urban disease in China. However, whether the urban spatial structure is meeting expectations is still unknown. Taking the Beijing Metropolitan Area as a case, the author adopted a non-parametric method to identify the subcenters, then an employment density model was used to analyze the spatial changes ...

Available online 13 May 2008 This paperpresents a difference in the comparative statics of general equilibriummodelswith land when there are finitely many agents, and when there is a continuum of agents. Restricting attention to quasi-linear and Cobb–Douglas utility, it is shown that with finitely many agents, an increase in the (marginal) commuting cost increases land rent per unit (that is, l...

heterophyidosis is a fish-transmitted disease in khuzestan province, therefore a total of 900 fresh water fishes belonging to cyprinus carpio, liza abtt and gambosia affinis, were collected from canals of mazreeh district in the central area of khuzestan. in 44%, metaccrcariae of three small flukes of human including haplorchis taickut, haplorchis pumilio, stellanichasmus falcamtus were found. ...