The increase in species diversity from the Poles to the Equator is a major biogeographic pattern, but the mechanisms underlying it remain obscure. Our aim is to contribute to their clarification by describing the latitudinal gradients in species richness and in evolutionary age of species of New World bats, and testing if those patterns may be explained by the niche conservatism hypothesis. Map...

Tropical Instability Waves (TIW) have been suggested to fertilize the equatorial Pacific in iron leading to enhanced ecosystem activity. Using a coupled dynamical–biogeochemical model, we show that contrary to this suggestion, TIWs induce a decrease of iron concentration by 20% at the equator and by about 3% over the “TIW box” [90°W180, 5°N-5°S]. Chlorophyll decreases by 10% at the equator and ...

The New Horizons project is currently in progress, but until recently years ago, a mission to Neptune-Triton System predicted in the mid term 2008–2013 was one of the priorities of NASA’s Solar System Exploration theme. Any way, it is important to increase our knowledge on the dynamics of the inner satellites of Neptune, since according to some authors, this was a key question in the mission to...

We present statistical results of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) with origin near the geomagnetic equator during storms that occurred within period 2010–2018. Based on storm criteria Kp > 4 and Dst ≤ −50 nT, we have analyzed total electron content perturbations derived from Global Navigational Satellite Systems observations a latitude range 40°S–60°N longitude ranges 20°–40°E 50°–70°...

The mitotic spindle of many mammalian cells undergoes an abrupt elongation at anaphase. In both cultured rat kangaroo (strain PtK(1)) and Chinese hamster (strain Don-C) fibroblasts, the distance from pole to pole at metaphase doubles during anaphase and telophase. In order to determine the organization and distribution of spindle microtubules during the elongation process, cells were fixed and ...

We demonstrate a novel approach to quantify the interparticle distance in colloidal dimers using Mie scattering. The interparticle distance is varied in a controlled way by changing the ionic strength of the solution and the magnetic attraction between the particles. The measured scaling behavior is interpreted using an energy-distance model that includes the repulsive electrostatic and attract...

BACKGROUND There exists substantial variation in human stature and sexual stature dimorphism that has been attributed to both genetic and environmental variables. A few studies have previously investigated possible relationships between latitude and stature, building on the idea that variation in climate can influence body size (Bergmann's rule). This change in body size can in turn have influe...

Growing evidence demonstrates widespread deficiencies in the reporting of health research studies. The EQUATOR Network is an international initiative that aims to enhance the reliability and value of the published health research literature. EQUATOR provides resources, education and training to facilitate good research reporting and assists in the development, dissemination and implementation o...

Abstract This study provides a comprehensive description of the deposition meteor-ablated metals in upper atmosphere Mars, accounting for temporal, vertical, latitudinal, and seasonal distribution. For this purpose, Leeds Chemical Ablation Model is combined with meteoroid input function to characterize size velocity distributions three distinctive populations around Mars—the Jupiter-family come...