the prevalent communications networks suffer from lack of spectrum and spectrum inefficiency. this has motivated researchers to develop cognitive radio (cr) as a smart and dynamic radio access promised solution. a major challenge to this new technology is how to make fair assignment of available spectrum to unlicensed users, particularly for smart grids communication. this paper introduces an i...

Interference is the major limiting factor when evaluating the performance of cellular radio systems. Sources of interference could be another mobile at the same cell, a call in progress in a neighboring cell or other base stations operating in the same frequency band. Interference on voice channels causes cross talk due to an undesired transmission. On control channels, interference leads to mi...

48 ellular digital packet data (CDPD) [1–3] networks provide wireless data communications services to mobile users by sharing the radio equipment and unused RF channels with Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) networks [6]. Basically, CDPD transmits packet data over idle AMPS channels, and autonomously switches to another channel when the current channel is about to be assigned for voice usage....

Time division multiple access (TDMA) is a channel access method for shared medium (usually radio) networks. It allows several users to share the same frequency channel by dividing the signal into different timeslots. The users transmit in rapid succession, one after the other, each using his own timeslot. This allows multiple stations to share the same transmission medium (e.g. radio frequency ...

W ireless systems continue to attract immense research and development effort. Recent years have seen major technological advances, including the rollout of 2.5G and 3G cellular infrastructures as well as the advent of broadband fixed-wireless access (BFWA) systems and digital video broadcasting (DVB). “Wireless beyond 3G” is a new concept that envisions cellular, BFWA, and DVB systems cooperat...

A Virtual Cellular Network (VCN) [1] is a wireless cellular network wherein a single Mobile Station (MS) can be in simultaneous communication with more than one Base Station (BS). This paper presents the implementation of a Multiple Access (MAC) protocol for a virtual cellular network. The proposed MAC protocol is used in combination with a link protocol [2] to allow the use of multiple Qualiti...

WiMax broadband MAN based on the IEEE 802.16d/e standard supports mobile as well as fixed wireless access services. Both types of subscriber data links are characterized by totally different radio conditions such as e.g. propagation, interference rejection capability, terminal antenna gain, pattern and height. This leads to a significant coverage mismatch, different user application throughput ...

The paper aims at improving the load balancing algorithm in wireless packet cellular networks and particularly in coordinated heterogeneous wireless packet networks. Our main contributions are two-fold. First, we introduce a new approach to compute the network load metric based on the radio link quality and scheduling information, which can be applied to any wireless packet system. This load me...

Recently connected car called Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) has been attracted for smart automotive mobility. Among V2X technologies, cellular (C-V2X) discussed and specified in 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) is generally regarded as possibly utilized one. In 3GPP, the fourth mobile communication system (4G) fifth (5G) including new radio (NR) provide C-V2X standards specifications. th...

Introduction: The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packetoriented extension to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) that supplies higher data rates and sharing of radio resources. The performance of the Internet protocols in GPRS is dependent not only on the quality of the radio link, but also on buffering in the GPRS network. According to [1–3], the over-sized network buff...