Antimicrobial resistance represents a major global threat to modern medicine. In vitro studies have shown that very low concentrations of drugs, as frequently identified in the environment, and in foods and water for human and animal consumption, can select for resistant bacteria. However, limited information is currently available on the in vivo impact of ingested drug residues. The objective ...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149100.].

background: interaction between local anesthetic solution, lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline), and root canal irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (naocl), ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (edta), and chlorhexidine (chx) has not been studied earlier. hence, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the chemical interaction between 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (with ...

Sir, Since 2000, extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have increasingly been detected in humans and animals. Their impact on human health has drawn much attention worldwide. Many reports exist about the diversity of ESBLs among Enterobacteriaceae from food-producing animals. Also, for companion animals, several studies have been described. Recently some surveys have suggested...

The objective of this observational study was to describe variations in partial direct costs clinical mastitis (CM) treatments among 37 dairy herds using data obtained from herd management records. Animal health and drug purchase records were retrospectively collected Wisconsin for a period 1 yr. Each farm visited verify case definitions, recording accuracy, detection criteria CM cases. Descrip...

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4 Hopkins KL, Kirchner M, Guerra B et al. Multiresistant Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:in Europe: a new pandemic strain? Euro Surveill 2010; 15: 19580. 5 Rodrı́guez I, Barownick W, Helmuth R et al. Extended-spectrum b-lactamases and AmpC b-lactamases in ceftiofur-resistant Salmonella enterica isolates from food and livestock obtained in Germany during 2003–07. J Antimicrob Chemother 200...