Despite modern therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains a challenge. Significant immunosuppression has been described in patients with mRCC. Therefore, immunotherapeutic strategies such as checkpoint inhibitors have been developed. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immunosuppression and respon...

Despite modern therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains a challenge. Significant immunosuppression has been described in patients with mRCC. Therefore, immunotherapeutic strategies such as checkpoint inhibitors have been developed. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immunosuppression and respon...

Despite modern therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) remains a challenge. Significant immunosuppression has been described in patients with mRCC. Therefore, immunotherapeutic strategies such as checkpoint inhibitors have been developed. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immunosuppression and respon...

The purine analogs, fludarabine nucleoside (FdA), and cladribine (CdA) (1 μM, 24 hours), significantly changed the levels of some surface antigens on the human B-cell lines MEC2 and Raji. Changes in the surface proteins were identified using a Cluster of Differentiation (CD) antibody microarray that captures live cells and confirmed by flow cytometry. For Raji cells, CdA up-regulated CD10, CD54...

The activation of naive CD4+ T cells requires both TCR engagement and a second costimulatory signal mediated by the interaction of CD28 with CD80/CD86 expressed on professional APC. However, the situation for naive CD8+ T cells is less clear. Although evidence indicates that induction of CD8+ T cell responses is also dependent on professional APC, the ability of some tumors, which do not expres...

Increased production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in the bone marrow (BM) in response to both oxidative stress and T cell activation contributes to the bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency, but it is presently unknown whether oxidative stress causes bone loss through T cells. Here we show that ovariectomy causes an accumulation in the BM of reactive oxygen species, which leads to in...

The current use of a single chemical component as the representative quality control marker of herbal food supplement is inadequate. In this CD80-Quantitative-Pattern-Activity-Relationship (QPAR) study, we built a bioactivity predictive model that can be applicable for complex mixtures. Through integrating the chemical fingerprinting profiles of the immunomodulating herb Radix Astragali (RA) ex...

PURPOSE To examine the role of the CD28-CD80-CD86 pathway of T-lymphocyte costimulation in corneal allograft rejection and the effect of blockade of that pathway on graft survival. METHODS Kinetics of CD80 and CD86 expression in the cornea and draining lymph nodes were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in untreated allograft recipients in a high-responder rat model. The effect of bl...