A study is made of the problem of interpreting the results of Menard pressuremeter tests on soil in situ. In the test a cylindrical cavity is expanded by internal pressure, and the relation between applied pressure and cavity vulume change is measured. It is shown that the results of a single test are enough to determine a complete stress-strain relation in plane strain, and a simple graphical ...

Transesterification of (+/-)-menthol using propionic acid anhydride and Candida rugosa lipase was performed in chloroform and water at different pressures (1, 10, 50, and 100 bar) to study the pressure dependence of enantioselectivity E. As a result, E significantly decreased with increasing pressure from E = 55 (1 bar) to E = 47 (10 bar), E = 37 (50 bar), and E = 9 (100 bar). To rationalize th...

The differential diagnosis of osseous jaw lesions includes numerous entities. A specific mandibular bone defect known as Stafne's cavity or cyst presents wirh a characteristic cyst-like lesion on radiographs of the jaw. Although the differential diagnosis from other jaw lesions is mandatory, this lesion does not usually require surgical therapy. Current theories concerning the pathogenesis of S...

The effect of the blade tip geometry of a high pressure gas turbine is studied experimentally and computationally for high speed leakage flows. For this purpose two simplified models are constructed, one models a flat tip of the blade and the second models a cavity tip of the blade. Experimental results are obtained from a transonic wind tunnel to show the static pressure distribution along the...

This paper describes the fabrication of a novel type of pressure sensor based on optical feedback in a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL). The detection mechanism of the sensor is based on a displacement measurement through self-mixing interferometry in the laser cavity. The use of unpackaged VCSELs enables the embedding in thin flexible optical foils which results in an integrated ...

Cavity-mode wavelengths in air are determined by measuring a laser's frequency while it is locked to the mode in vacuum during a calibration step and subsequently correcting the mode wavelength for atmospheric pressure compression, temperature difference, and material aging. Using a Zerodur ring cavity, we demonstrate a repeatability of +/- 2 x 10(-8) (3sigma), with the wavelength accuracy limi...

We analyze experimentally and theoretically mechanical oscillation within an optical cavity stimulated by the pressure of circulating optical radiation. The resulting radio frequency cavity vibrations (phonon mode) cause modulation of the incident, continuous-wave (cw) input pump beam. Furthermore, with increasing cw pump power, an evolution from sinusoidal modulation to random oscillations is ...

PURPOSE To explain the origin and growth of intracranial aneurysms using the hemodynamic data obtained from a computer simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pulsatile flow in an intracranial aneurysm cavity was numerically simulated based on physiologic pulsatile flow observed in the aorta. A finite element method was applied to solve the equations of motion and the non-Newtonian viscosity of blo...

Secretory otitis media (SOM) is one of the causes of permanent hearing loss. The key factor in the pathogenesis of the SOM is a chronic under-atmospheric middle ear (ME) pressure, which is assigned mainly to an altered ME gas exchange in combination to an impaired Eustachian tube (ET) function. Recent research pointed to the importance of the mastoid in the ME pressure balance related to ambien...

Traumatic CSDH enlarged in two cases with VP or LP shunt system although the shunt valve pressure was increased to 200 mmH2O. In surgery, the hematoma cavity pressure was found to be 130 and 140 mmH2O, suggesting that to raise the shunt valve pressure is not effective for decreasing CSDH volume.