This article proposes a mathematical model of caterpillar track's force and kinematic interaction with the ground during movement. The presence positive displacement tracks was proved even in absence slipping. causes soil to be sheared thrown out area contact caterpillar. change rotation angles magnitude their longitudinal were obtained. A drop tension track detected on active section supportin...

Baculoviruses are double-stranded DNA entomopathogenic viruses that infect predominantly insects of the order Lepidoptera. Research in last decade has started to disentangle mechanisms underlying insect-virus interaction, particularly focusing on effects baculovirus infection host's physiology. Among crucial physiological functions, olfaction a key role reproductive tasks, food source detection...

Temperature and crowding are key environmental factors mediating the transmission and epizooty of infectious disease in ectotherm animals. The host physiology may be altered in a temperature-dependent manner and thus affects the pathogen development and course of diseases within an individual and host population, or the transmission rates (or infectivity) of pathogens shift linearly with the ho...

Jute (Corchorus sp.) is naturally occurring, biodegradable, lignocellulosic-long, silky, golden shiny fiber producing plant that has great demands globally. Paper and textile industries are interested in jute because of the easy availability, non-toxicity and high yield of cellulosic biomass produced per acre in cultivation. Jute is the major and most industrially used bast fiber-producing crop...

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), is an introduced defoliator that preferentially feeds on oaks, Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) in the north-eastern USA. As the gypsy moth expands its geographic range, the extensive oak component in forests and urban environments of the USA assure its successful establishment. Given their economic and ecological importance, and the gyp...

Survey on major insect pests of groundnut was carried out in Southern Telangana Zone comprising the three districts viz., Mahabubnagar, Nagarkurnool and Wanaparthy at stages crop growth period vegetative, pod formation maturity for identification pest scenario. In all mean percent damage per plant (14.50-18.85%) no. larva (0.90-1.05) tobacco caterpillar were comparatively higher stage while inf...