The symptoms of catatonia have been reported to be similar to the initial symptoms of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Subsequently, this autoimmune limbic encephalitis has been noticed by many psychiatrists. For a differential diagnosis of catatonic state, it is important to detect anti-NMDAR encephalitis. This encephalitis is expected to be in remission by early detect...

Objective To investigate the evidence-based treatment of catatonia in adults. The secondary aim is to develop a treatment protocol. Materials and methods A systematic review of published treatment articles (case series, cohort or randomized controlled studies) which examined the effects of particular interventions for catatonia and/or catatonic symptoms in adult populations and used valid out...

Three patients with EEG documented ictal catatonia, a nonconvulsive status epilepticus, who responded dramatically to intravenous phenytoin are described. The EEG showed continuous bilateral pseudoperiodic sharp waves and spike discharges in one patient, spike and wave complexes were seen prominently in the right fronto-central region in another, and the EEG of the third patient showed periodic...

Catatonia has been increasingly recognized as a comorbid syndrome of autism at a rate of 12-17% in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders [1,2] and with other intellectual disabilities [3,4]. Mutism, stereotypic speech, echolalia, stereotypic or repetitive behaviors, posturing, grimacing, rigidity, mannerisms and purposeless agitation are catatonic signs and feature promine...

Catatonia has been increasingly recognized as a comorbid syndrome of autism at a rate of 12-17% in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders [1,2] and with other intellectual disabilities [3,4]. Mutism, stereotypic speech, echolalia, stereotypic or repetitive behaviors, posturing, grimacing, rigidity, mannerisms and purposeless agitation are catatonic signs and feature promine...

A substantial amount of evidence has proposed an important role for Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme in brain diseases and affiliate disorders. The purpose of this research was studying the effects of COX-2 selective inhibition on haloperidol-induced catatonia in an animal model of drug overdose and Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, the effect of acute and Sub-chronic oral administration ...

OBJECTIVE In this exploratory open label study, we investigated the prevalence of catatonia in an acute psychiatric inpatient population. In addition, differences in symptom presentation of catatonia depending on the underlying psychiatric illness were investigated. METHODS One hundred thirty patients were assessed with the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS), the Positive and Negativ...

OBJECTIVES Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome with concomittant akinesia and anxiety which both respond almost immediately to benzodiazepines such as lorazepam. The benzodiazepine receptor distribution was therefore investigated in akinetic catatonia with single photon emission tomography (SPECT) using iodine-123-iomazenil ((123) I Iomazenil). METHODS Ten akinetic catatonic patients, 10 psyc...

We report a case of 20 Years old girl who presented with catatonia resulting from cerebral lupus. There are few cases of catatonia being described in Systemic Lupus Erythmatoses (SLE). The patient presented to us with fever and altered sensorium. She was initially treated on lines of Acute Bacterial Meningitis/encephalitis but lumbar puncture examination and CT scan showed no evidence of these ...

Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome which has historically been associated with schizophrenia. Many clinicians have thought that the prevalence of this condition has been decreasing over the past few decades. This review reminds clinicians that catatonia is not exclusively associated with schizophrenia, and is still common in clinical practice. Many cases are related to affective disorders or a...