BACKGROUND Studies on costs incurred by patients for tuberculosis (TB) care are limited as these costs are reported as averages, and the economic impact of the costs is estimated based on average patient/household incomes. Average expenditures do not represent the poor because they spend less on treatment compared to other economic groups. Thus, the extent to which TB expenditures risk sending ...

This study aims to determine socioeconomic, demographic, and household characteristics that affect Turkish catastrophic health expenditure (CHE). Data gathered by TurkStat belonging 40,033 households for the years 2009-2012 were used in analysis. In study, CHE was defined as expenditures 40% (or above) greater than capacity pay of household. CHAID analysis affecting CHE. According analysis; inc...

Objectives: Korea achieved universal population coverage through national health insurance in 1989. However, out-of-pocket payments (OOP) still accounted for 36% of total health expenditure in 2006. This paper aims to provide evidence for improving the benefit package through analyzing household financial burden. Methods: OOP and the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure were analysed us...

Correction After publication of this work [1], we noted that the name and surname of one of the authors have been swapped. Now the order of names and surnames of all authors has been corrected as follows: " Ethel Mary Brinda, Antonio Rodríguez Andrés and Ulrika Enemark " (Name, surname). References 1. Brinda EM, Andrés RA, Enemark U: Correlates of out-of-pocket and catastrophic health expenditu...

BACKGROUND The New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) in rural China has been expanding in both population coverage and benefit package. China has also established an essential medicine policy in recent years to further reduce patients' medical expenditures and financial burden. This study aims to evaluate the impact of these policies on reducing medical expenditures and financial burden of pati...

background: inequality in households’ and individuals' consumption expenditures is one of the most important aspects of health status difference among households and individuals. objectives: we investigated the impact of some macro-economic factors specially inequality factors on the iranian rural health status since 1986 through 2012. patients and methods: we conducted a longitudinal ecologica...

Out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures for healthcare continue to be the most significant means of healthcare issue in the developing world and constitute a large share of their living financial plan (1, 2). The healthcare expenditures are largely unpredictable and usually have a negative impact on the poor households, while large expenditures have catastrophic impacts on household welfare. A sudden ...

Mutual health organizations (MHOs) are voluntary membership organizations providing health insurance services to their members. MHOs aim to increase access to health care by reducing out-of-pocket payments faced by households. We used multiple regression analysis of household survey data from Ghana, Mali and Senegal to investigate the determinants of enrollment in MHOs, and the impact of MHO me...