Pricing ladders are widely used in the airline industry to define the discrete set of prices that can be charged for seats on a flight. We consider the factors that affect the setting of these ladders for oneway economy tickets. The minimum and maximum fares are assumed to be fixed and we focus on maximising the revenue generated on a flight by changing the spacing of the intermediate fares. Th...

We present a systematic weak-coupling renormalization group ~RG! technique for studying a collection of N coupled one-dimensional interacting electron systems, focusing on the example of N-leg Hubbard ladders. For N52,3, we recover previous results, and find that also more generally broad regions of the phase space of these models are unstable to pairing, usually with approximate d-wave symmetr...

An attempt is made to predict the thermal noise and the shot noise for silicon strip detectors connected to the Beetle preamplifier from basic electronic noise principles. The calibration pulse shapes are used to determine the frequency dependant gain function of the Beetle. The calculated noise values are compared with measurements on the prototype ladders. In addition the signal propagation i...

Prices are typically used as proxies for countries’ export quality. I relax this strong assumption by exploiting both price and quantity information to estimate the quality of products exported to the U.S. Higher quality is assigned to products with higher market shares conditional on price. The estimated qualities reveal substantial heterogeneity in product markets’ scope for quality different...

For w-legged antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 Heisenberg ladders, a long-range spin pairing order can be identified which enables the separation of the space spanned by finite-range (covalent) valence-bond configurations into w + 1 subspaces. Since every subspace has an equivalent counter subspace connected by translational symmetry, twofold degeneracy, breaking translational symmetry is found except...

conclusions the findings showed that personal, interpersonal, and functional skills can facilitate nurses’ career advancement. the effects of these skills on career advancement depend on a variety of conditions that require further studies. results the three themes extracted from the data included interpersonal capabilities, competency for career success, and personal capacities. the results sh...

In recent years, the study of ladder materials has developed into a well-established area of research within the general context of Strongly Correlated Electrons. This effort has been triggered by an unusual cross-fertilization between theory and experiments. In this paper, the main experimental results obtained in the context of ladders are reviewed from the perspective of a theorist. Emphasis...

In this work, we analyze the nonsymmorphic symmetry group structures for a variety of generalized Kitaev spin chains and ladders with bond alternations, including Kitaev-Gamma chain, Kitaev-Heisenberg-Gamma beyond nearest neighbor interactions, two-leg ladders. The analysis is applied to determine breaking patterns several magnetically ordered phases in bond-alternating chains, as well dimeriza...

This paper describes the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and protein charge ladders to estimate values of effective charge (Z) and molecular weight of proteins under nondenaturing conditions. A panel of 14 proteins with a range of charges and shapes was modified by acetylation with acetic anhydride to yield protein charge ladders. A protein charge ladder is a family of derivatives of a pr...