Although vitamin D supplementation appears to be a promising intervention for reducing risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic diseases, existing evidence on its benefits and risks is limited and inconclusive. Recruitment is now under way for the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL), the first large-scale randomized clinical trial of these nutritional agents for the primary pr...

Over the past decade, there has been a substantial increase in the number of men who are treated with testosterone. Despite this increase in the use of testosterone, the risks of adverse cardiovascular events are unclear as meta-analyses have reported conflicting findings and no clinical studies have been large enough or long enough to adequately assess for cardiovascular risks. The goal of thi...

BACKGROUND Stressful life events have been shown to be associated with altered risk of various health consequences. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the emotional stress evoked by a prostate cancer diagnosis increases the immediate risks of cardiovascular events and suicide. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a prospective cohort study by following all men in Sweden who ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Blacks have high rates of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Diabetes and CKD, risk factors for cardiovascular mortality in the general population, are common among blacks. We sought to assess their contribution to cardiovascular disease and mortality in blacks. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This observational cohort study was of 3211 participants ...

The transformation of cardiovascular disease prevention for women must address that a number of nontraditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors are unique to or predominant in women. As well, many traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors impart differential risks for women and for men. Gender-specific risk assessment and management have the potential to...

BACKGROUND This study explored the relationship between the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in patients with or without diabetes mellitus and future risks of cardiovascular disease and death. METHODS Based on a national representative cohort, a total of 5277 participants (7% with diabetes) were selected from Taiwan's Triple High Survey in 2002. The comorbidities, medication usages, and outc...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Few studies have examined the effect of hourly changes in air pollution on cardiovascular disease morbidity. We evaluated the associations between hourly changes in air pollution and the risks of several types of cardiovascular disease. METHODS We used a time-stratified case-crossover design. Study participants were 10,949 residents of the city of Okayama, Japan, aged≥6...

OBJECTIVE To examine cardiovascular disease risk factors and risk clusters in Swedish persons with traumatic wheelchair-dependent paraplegia. DESIGN Prospective examination. SUBJECTS A total of 135 individuals aged 18-79 years with chronic (>or= 1 year) post-traumatic paraplegia. METHODS Cardiovascular disease risk factors; dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose, hypertension, overweight,...