Since the discovery by Knoevenagel [1] that doubly activated carbonic acids (CH-acids) react with carbonyl compounds to give the corresponding conjugated olefins, this reaction has been widely used in organic synthesis as an important method for carbon —carbon bond formation [2, 3). The conden­ sation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with monocar­ bonyl compounds usually leads to a,/3-unsaturated pr...

INTRODUCTION Recent periodicals direct that reactive carbonyl compounds are formed due to existing oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus, which further nonenzymatically react with proteins and lipids to form irreversible advanced glycation end products (AGE) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALE). In type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in hyperglycaemi...

Volume analysis of purified human blood monocytes revealed distinct populations of large and small cells. Computer curve fitting suggested a third, intermediate-sized population. These monocytes were designated M1, M2, and M3 in order of increasing size, and their approximate volumes were 150, 250, and 480 micron3, respectively. The three subpopulations were present in all 30 normal individuals...

The gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular reaction of allenes with oxoalkenes leads to bicyclo[6.3.0]undecane ring systems, although in the case of terminally disubstituted allenes, seven-membered rings are formed. The related intermolecular addition of aldehydes to allenenes also gives seven-membered rings.