The carbazomycins were isolated from Streptoverticillium ehimense H 1051 MY10 as the first antibiotics containing a carbazole nucleus and they mainly inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi3'40. The complex consists of eight components; carbazomycins B (1), A, C, D, E, F, G and H, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means together with X-ray crystallographic a...

The reaction of biliproteins with sodium dithionite has been studied. The reagent is selective towards the chromophores. In denatured phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis, all three chromophores react to form yellow "phycorubin", whereas only 1/3 of the chromophores react in native phycocyanin in a non-statistical manner. From reversion experiments, it can be shown, that the thermodynamic stabi...

Recent advances in the design and application of redox-active fluorescent proteins (FPs) stimulated an interest in the electronic structure of the ionized/electron-detached FP chromophores. Here, we report the results of a computational study of the electron-detached and ionized states of model chromophores of green and red FPs. We focus on the analysis of the effects of the phenolate OH group ...

The title compounds, C30H18N2O5S, (I), and C27H18N2O4S2, (II), are carbazole derivatives with a phenyl-sulfonyl group and a nitro-phenyl group attached to the carbazole moiety in identical positions in both mol-ecules. A benzo-furan ring system in (I) and a methyl-thio-phene ring in (II) are fused with the respective carbazole moieties on the same sides. The mean plane of the carbazole ring sys...

Dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated by using a novel metal-free alkoxysilyl carbazole as a sensitizing dye and a Co(3+/2+)-complex redox electrolyte exhibited light-to-electric energy conversion efficiencies of over 12% with open-circuit photovoltages higher than 1 V by applying a hierarchical multi-capping treatment to the photoanode.

In the title carbazole derivative, C32H32N2, the mol-ecule resides on a crystallographic twofold axis, which runs through the central C-C bond. The carbazole ring system is almost planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.041 (1) Å for one of the ring-junction C atoms. The crystal packing is stabilized by C-H⋯π inter-actions only, which form a C(7) chain-like arrangement along [110] in the unit cell.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharides that are found in the extracellular matrix and biological fluids of animals where they interact with hundreds of proteins and perform a variety of critical roles. There are five classes of animal GAGs: heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), keratan sulfate (KS), and hyaluronan (HA). Many biological functions ca...

Three carbazole dicationic salts, namely 3,6-bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium) carbazole diiodide (BMVC), 9-ethyl-3,6-bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium) carbazole diiodide (9E-BMVC) and 9-ethyl-3,6-bis(1-hydroxyethyl-4-vinylpyridinium)carbazole diiodide (9E-BHVC), were synthesized successfully. Their photophysical properties were evaluated by absorption, one- and two-photon fluorescence spectra, and...

Exciton coupling is of fundamental importance and determines functional properties of organic dyes in (opto-)electronic and photovoltaic devices. Here we show that strong exciton coupling is not limited to the situation of equal chromophores as often assumed. Quadruple dye stacks were obtained from two bis(merocyanine) dyes with same or different chromophores, respectively, which dimerize in le...

In the title compound, C(22)H(19)NO(5)S, the carbazole skeleton is nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.043 (1) Å] with the pyrrole ring oriented at dihedral angles of 2.32 (6) and 1.77 (6)° with respect to the adjacent benzene rings. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring of the tosyl group and the carbazole skeleton is 82.25 (5)°. Intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding results in the for...