Global declines in amphibians likely have multiple causes, including widespread pesticide use. Our knowledge of pesticide effects on amphibians is largely limited to short-term (4-d) toxicity tests conducted under highly artificial conditions to determine lethal concentrations (LC50). We found that if we used slightly longer exposure times (10-16 d), low concentrations of the pesticide carbaryl...

Caffeine has been associated with wastewater pollution in temperate and subtropical locations, but environmental caffeine concentrations in tropical locations have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to measure caffeine and agricultural pesticide (carbaryl, metalaxyl, and metribuzin) concentrations in environmental waters on the tropical north shore of Kauai (Hawaii, USA) and a...

Further characterization of the viral enhancement system of varicella-zoster virus by the pesticide carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) is presented. It was necessary to expose cells to the enhancing chemical during the period of virus replication to detect enhancement. The optimum time for the pretreatment is 20 to 24 h. Maximum enhancement of virus expression occurs 48 to 72 h post-inocul...

OBJECTIVE To determine the DNA damaging potential and the genotoxicity of individual compounds in pesticide contaminated soil. METHODS In the present study, DNA damaging potential of pesticide-contaminated soil and the genotoxicity of individual compounds present in the soil were assessed using fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding assay. RESULTS The contaminated soil sample showed 79% (P ...

Organophosphate resistant and susceptible populations of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. were subjected to adult feeding bioassays with different combinations of insecticide and a cucurbitacin bait. Five technical grade insecticides (methyl-parathion, carbaryl, fipronil, bifenthrin and indoxacarb) were used in combination with Invite ECt as the feeding stimula...

Carbaryl is regarded among the most effective, economically viable, and ecologically-compatible insecticides available for protecting conifers from bark beetle attack in the western United States. Treatments are typically applied in spring prior to initiation of bark beetle flight for that year. We evaluated the efficacy of spring and fall applications for protecting individual lodgepole pine, ...

In this work, a widely used pesticide named carbaryl, present in numerous water supplies, has been determined by the so-called heavy atom induced room-temperature phosphorescence (HAI-RTP) methodology. A detailed study of numerous instrumental variables such as sensitivity, slits, decay time, and gate time, and those of experimental type such as heavy atoms, oxygen scavenger, temperature, buffe...