BACKGROUND: Some herbal plants can prevent kidney stones formation in a dose dependent manner. In present study, we aimed to investigate the protective role of Cannabis sativa aqueous extraction on calcium oxalate formation in ethylene glycol-induced rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate anti-urolithiasis, variations of the main risk factors (citrate, phosphorous, calcium and PH) have been ...

This paper explores European and national trends in specialised drug treatment entry for cannabis-related problems. The analysis is based on data for the years 2003-2014 from 22 European countries. Between 2003 and 2014, the overall number and proportion of primary cannabis-related first-time entrants increased significantly. A joinpoint regression analysis indicates that the overall increase o...

This paper addresses the question of whether alcohol and tobacco are "gateways" for cannabis use. To investigate this the relationships between the starting rates in the use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis are analyzed. The starting rate for cannabis use appears to be higher for smokers and lower for users of alcohol. Indeed, tobacco use seems to be a gateway for cannabis use. The main policy...

OBJECTIVE Although cannabis is the most widely abused illicit drug, little is known about the prevalence of cannabis withdrawal and its factor structure, clinical validity, and psychiatric correlates in the general population. METHOD National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions participants were assessed, in 2001-2002, with structured in-person interviews covering substance...

and tobacco smokers and 92 tobacco smokers with 81 non-smokers. They found a dose-response relationship between cannabis consumption and the degree of airways obstruction and hyperinflation. They estimated that one cannabis joint was equivalent to 2.5 cigarettes for the effect on forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity and to 6 cigarettes for the effect on specific airways conduct...

AIMS To examine the course and the predictors of the persistence of cannabis dependence. METHODS Through cannabis outlets and chain referral, a prospective enriched community cohort of 207 young adults (aged 18-30) with DSM-IV cannabis dependence at baseline (T0) was formed and followed-up after 1.5 (T1) and 3 (T2) years. The presence of cannabis dependence, cannabis-related problems, functio...

AIM AND OBJECTIVE Examine the pharmaceutical qualities of cannabis including a historical overview of cannabis use. Discuss the use of cannabis as a clinical intervention for people experiencing palliative care, including those with life-threatening chronic illness such as multiple sclerosis and motor neurone disease [amyotrophic lateral sclerosis] in the UK. BACKGROUND The non-medicinal use ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of personality traits on the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic like experiences (PLEs) in young adults. METHOD 499 lifetime cannabis users aged 18 to 25years completed an online survey assessing PLEs using the positive scale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) and personality styles using the Brief Schizotypal Personality ...

BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug worldwide. Long-term use of cannabis is known to cause chronic bronchitis and airflow obstruction, but the prevalence of macroscopic emphysema, the dose-response relationship and the dose equivalence of cannabis with tobacco has not been determined. METHODS A convenience sample of adults from the Greater Wellington region was recruited ...

AIMS To estimate long-term trends in cannabis use and projections of schizophrenia assuming a causal relation between cannabis use and schizophrenia. METHODS Trends in cannabis use were estimated from a national survey, 2003; and incidence of schizophrenia was derived from surveys in three English cities, 1997-99. A difference equation cohort model was fitted against estimates of schizophreni...