The vertebrate skeleton is an adaptive structure that responds to mechanical stimuli by increasing bone mass under increased mechanical loads. Although experimental animal models have shown the anabolic cortical bone response to applied load decreases with age, no consensus exists regarding whether this adaptive mechanism is affected by age in cancellous bone, the tissue most impacted by age-re...

INTRODUCTION: Non-invasive estimation of bone mechanical condition is a critical element in ongoing efforts aimed at reducing fractures in at-risk populations, such as those with osteoporosis, spinal cord injury, metabolic bone disease, or osteopenia due to long-term disuse or weightlessness. Considerable emphasis is placed upon bone mineral density (BMD) in the clinical setting, owing largely ...

Glucocorticoid (GC) induced osteoporosis (GIO) is caused by the long-term use of GC for treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The GC related disruption of bone marrow microcirculation and increased adipogenesis contribute to GIO development. However, neither currently available anti-osteoporosis agent is completely addressed to microcirculation and bone marrow adipogenesis. Salvian...

INTRODUCTION The use of bone grafts in orthopedic, maxillofacial and dental surgery has been growing. Nevertheless, both fresh autografts and frozen allografts have limitations, and therefore, alternative synthetic or natural biomaterials, such as processed and lyophilized bovine bone graft have been developed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of lyophilized bovine ...

OBJECTIVE Macroporous cement with mechanical properties similar to cancellous bone may improve the treatment of large bone defects in relation to solid acrylic cement. The aim of this study was to compare physical and mechanical characteristics of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based porous cement with cancellous bone. METHODS Compressive strength and pore size, interconnectivity, and distr...

Oxidative stress affects bone turnover. Preventative effects of antioxidants such as vitamin E on reduced bone mineral density and fractures associated with aging, osteoporosis, and smoking have been examined in animals and humans. The effects of vitamin E (α-tocopherol; αT) on bone health have yielded conflicting and inconclusive results from animal studies. In this study, to determine the bon...

Methods: A 3D finite element method was used to assess the model of a partially edentulous mandible, Kennedy Class I, with dental implants placed at the region of teeth 33 and 43. The geometric solid model was built from CT-scan images and prototyping. In the discrete model a parametric analysis was performed to analyze the influence of cancellous bone density (25 %, 50 %, 75 %) on the developm...

To simulate periodontal and periapical lesions, bone cuts were made in mandibles from human cadavers, and the roentgenographic and visual appearances of the bone were compared. It is evident that inflammatory or tumorous lesions cannot be visualized if they are confined within the cancellous bone. However, if the lesions erode the junction area of the cortex and cancellous bone or perforate the...

BACKGROUND Aseptic implant loosening and periprosthetic bone loss are major problems after total hip arthroplasty (THA). We present an in vivo method of computed tomography (CT) assisted osteodensitometry after THA that differentiates between cortical and cancellous bone density (BD) and area around the femoral component. METHOD Cortical and cancellous periprosthetic femoral BD (mg CaHA/mL), ...