1.0 overview it seems that grammar plays a crucial role in the area of second and foreign language learning and widely has been acknowledged in grammar research. in other words, teaching grammar is an issue which has attracted much attention to itself, and a lot of teachers argue about the existence of grammar in language teaching and learning. this issue will remind us a famous sentence f...

abstract the current research tried to examine the impact of multiple intelligence (mi) and its components on multiple choice (mc) and open ended (oe) reading comprehension tests. ninety six students of high school in grade four took part in this study. to collect data, participants completed multiple intelligence (mi) questionnaires along with a multiple choice (mc) and open ended (oe) forms ...

this research has been taken among the students of high school in karaj city during the years 1391 and 1392. this is a survey research and data gathering is through questionnaires. studying the “an analysis of students’ tendency toward non-native reference groups in karaj”. the questionnaire was distributed among 260 of these students who were chosen through multi step cluster sampling. conside...

the space now known as complete erdos space ec was introduced by paul erdos in 1940 as the closed subspace of the hilbert space ?2 consisting of all vectors such that every coordinate is in the convergent sequence {0} ? { 1 n : n ? n}. in a solution to a problem posed by lex g. oversteegen we present simple and useful topological characterizations of ec. as an application we determine the ...

this study was an attempt to investigate the effect of subtitling on vocabulary learning among iranian intermediate students. to find the homogeneity of the groups, tofel test was administered to student in kish mehr institute in garmsar. after analyzing the data, 60 participants (female students) who scored within the range of one standard deviation above and below the mean, were selected as h...

learning a second or foreign language requires the manipulation of four main skills, namely, listening, reading, speaking, and writing which lead to effective communication. it is obvious that vocabulary is an indispensible part of any communication, so without a vocabulary, no meaningful communication can take place and meaningful communication relies heavily on vocabulary. one fundamental fac...

this research was conducted in two protect and destroy region in the middle zagros, in illam province. in order to identification of ecological species group and evaluate density of regeneration, effect of many factors such as protection, vegetation, physiographic factors, physical and chemical properties of soil in study locations were studied. to achieve these purpose number of 54 plots using...

run-out-table (rot) is located between last finishing stand and down coiler in a hot strip mill. as the hot steel strip passes from rot, water jets impact on it from top and bottom and strip temperature decreases approximately from 800-950 °c to 500-750°c. the temperature history that strip experience while passing through rot affects significantly the metallurgical and mechanical properties, s...

the present study sought to investigate the impact of using mind-mapping technique instruction on female elementary efl learners reading comprehension; it also investigated their attitudes towards using mind-mapping technique as a tool to improve their reading comprehension. this study followed a quasi-experimental design with two intact groups as experimental, and control groups. the participa...

the rise and stublishment of safavid dynasty was depend on triangle of tasavof, tashayo and royalty, kings legitimized their power upon these. therefore for the understanding the functions of that period we must explore the role of this elements. although application and emphsise upon dignities such as; complete mentor (morshede kamel), deputy of absent imam (nayebe imame ghayeb), and god’s sha...