The authors previously published a theory of calculus formation that components of a calculus separated from colloidal body fluid are coagulated and solidified by electrostatic effect of electrolytes, bridging action of high molecular-weight organic substances, and kinetic energy supplied from the organism. In support of this theory, they could produce gallstone-like concre ments of calcium bil...

We introduce giant liposomes to investigate phase transformations in picoliter volumes. Precipitation of calcium carbonate in the confinement of DPPC liposomes leads to dramatic stabilization of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). In contrast, amorphous strontium carbonate (ASC) is a transient species, and BaCO3 precipitation leads directly to the formation of crystalline witherite.

Carbonate anion exchange reactions with water in the uranyl-carbonate and calcium-uranyl-carbonate aqueous systems have been investigated using computational methods. Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the umbrella sampling technique were employed to determine potentials of mean force for the exchange reactions of water and carbonate. The presence of calcium counter-ions is pred...

This study investigates the effects of calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) nanoparticles on the mechanical and thermal properties and surface morphology of polycaprolactone (PCL)/chitosan nanocomposites. The nanocomposites of PCL/chitosan/CaCO(3) were prepared using a melt blending technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results indicate the average size of nanoparticles to be approximately 6...

The crystallization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was investigated using a mineralization system composed of a chitosan membrane and regenerated silk fibroin (RSF). Such a system may resemble the mineralization in molluscs, where chitosan is a derivative of chitin and RSF an analogue of nacreous protein. It was found that the vaterite disks generally formed on the chitosan membrane while the ara...

calcium acetate is used as an oral phosphate binder to control hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure. compared to calcium carbonate, control of hyperphosphatemia can be achieved at lower calcium administration with calcium acetate which likely reduces the risk of hypercalcemia. in this study, various formulations of calcium acetate tablets were prepared and their disintegrati...

Introduction: Air-powder polishing devices are increasingly used for stain and plaque removal. However, besides cleaning the tooth surface, they may increase the surface roughness of the dental tissues. This in turn may result in plaque accumulation and superficial degradation. Thus the aim of this study was to assess the influence of three different abrasive agents: Pumice, Sodium bicarbonate ...

Hyperphosphatemia has an important role in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone disease in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The most effective method of phosphate elimination lies with phosphate binders, the agent that more commonly used, calcium carbonate, is not an ideal binding agent. In this regard, calcium acetate has been reported to have more or at least...

Calcium and ash accumulation in aerobic granules treating organic wastewater was investigated systematically in this study. It was found that ash content of granular sludge reached 43% at stable state of reactor operation with calcium carbonate precipitation as the main cause. Since granular sludge in the reactor at the steady state was the mixture of granules with different sizes, granules in ...

The influence of organic additives, β-cyclodextrin, HEDTA, L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid on crystal growth of calcium carbonate via vapour diffusion method has been investigated. In the absence of additive, regular rhombohedral calcium carbonate crystal habit resulted. Whereas in presence of additive, calcite with truncated, aggregated rhombohedral sub crystals and elongated hexagonal mor...