From chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stage 4 onwards, phosphate binders are needed in many patients to prevent the development of hyperphosphataemia, which can result in disturbed bone and mineral metabolism, cardiovascular disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism. In this review, we re-examine the use of magnesium-containing phosphate binders for patients with CKD, particularly as their use circ...

abstract a previous study on agricultural drains in khuzestan province of iran has indicated that carbonate calcium is the main component of the deposited salts in drainage envelops. to investigate the process of precipitation of carbonate calcium under different conditions including chemical, bio-chemical, aerobic and an-aerobic, a through laboratory investigation on geotextile drain envelop w...

The single crystals of calcium carbonate (calcite), barium carbonate and strontium carbonate have been grown in sodium meta silicate gel using the single and double diffusion methods at room temperature. The X-ray Lauetechnique is used to characterize the gel grown calcium carbonate crystal. It has been observed that the gel medium prevents the turbulence and helps the formation of good crystal...

abstract a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of incubation time, sewage sludge and clay content on the distribution of nickel and cadmium in different fractions of selected calcareous soils. to meet this purpose, an experiment with two different soils (4 and 30 percent caco3), two different textures (8 and 40 percent clay), two levels of nickel (0 and 100 mg.kg-1), two levels of cadmiu...

the gulf of mannar, located between india and sri lanka, is a shallow embayment of the bay of bengal. the gulf, which has been declared a bio-reserve is a highly productive area endowed with rich marine fauna including corals. in order to study the origin and nature of the sediments and paleo-environment, 2.6 m length core was collected with 5cm interval at 1320m water depths. textural studies ...

the transport properties of liquids and gases through polymeric materialsplay a very important role in some areas of industrial applications. in thisstudy, natural rubber (nr)/caco3 composites were prepared by melt mixingmethod. by equilibrium swelling test, the transport process of toluene in the prepared natural rubber composites was investigated. the diffusion and transport of toluene throug...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible mode of action of a dentifrice containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate (Pro-Argin Technology), and sodium monofluorophosphate in delivering the benefits of preventing acid erosion and rehardening acid-softened enamel. METHODS The surfaces of acid-softened bovine enamel specimens were evaluated after application of a dentifrice containing 8% arginine,...

Fluoride in aquatic systems is increasing due to anthropogenic pollution, but little is known about how this fluoride affects organisms that live in and around aquatic habitats. Fluoride can bioaccumulate in structures comprised of calcium carbonate, such as shells and skeletons of both freshwater and saltwater species as diverse as snails, corals, and coccolithophorid algae. In this article, i...

droxide by calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate dosage ranged from 3 to 6 g/day. They found that low-calcium dialysate induces a negative calcium balance during hemodialysis (HD) with a worsening of SHPTH and concluded that a change in the current policy of the treatment of renal osteodistrophy can be necessary to prevent these alterations. For 1 yr, we studied the effect oflow-calcium dial...

Scleractinian coral skeletons are made mainly of calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite. The mineral deposition occurs in a biological confined environment, but it is still a theme of discussion to what extent the calcification occurs under biological or environmental control. Hence, the shape, size and organization of skeletal crystals from the cellular level through the colony architectur...