Carbon isotope fractionation factors associated with the aerobic consumption of methane (C1), ethane (C2), propane (C3), and nbutane (C4) were determined from incubations of marine sediment collected from the Coal Oil Point hydrocarbon seep field, located offshore Santa Barbara, CA. Hydrogen isotope fractionation factors for C1, C2 and C3 were determined concurrently. Fresh sediment samples fro...

We first introduce a multivariate probit model for ordinal responses as implemented in R package mprobit. As before, we have n independent observations (Yi, X ′ i) with Yi = 0 or 1 as disease status andX ′ i = (Xi1, ..., Xik) as genotypes at k SNPs for subject i, i = 1, ..., n. In addition, we have some possible covariates A. We assume that there is a Latent Gaussian variable Z ′ i = (Zi1, ...,...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes end with the sequence C2-3A(CA)1-4, commonly abbreviated as C1-3A. These sequences can function as upstream activators of transcription (UAS's) when placed in front of a CYC1-lacZ fusion gene. When C1-3A sequences are placed between the GAL1,10 UAS and the CYC1-lacZ fusion, the C1-3A UAS still functions and the amount of beta-galactosidase produced in cells ...

Over the past century, steady advances have been made in fixating an unstable atlantoaxial complex. Current options for fixation of the atlantoaxial complex include posterior clamps, posterior wiring techniques, C1-C2 transarticular screw fixation, posterior C1 lateral mass screw with C2 pars or pedicle screw fixation, and anterior transoral C1 lateral mass to C2 vertebral body fixation.

OBJECTIVES There is no consensus standard regarding the placement of the inferior field border in whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) plans, with most providers choosing to cover the first versus (vs.) second cervical vertebrae (C1 vs. C2). We hypothesize that extending coverage to C2 may increase predicted rates of xerostomia. METHODS Fifteen patients underwent computed tomography (CT) simu...

Study Design Case report. Objective The objective of this study was to report a case of an unstable C1 burst fracture in the setting of a vertebral artery anomaly at the craniovertebral junction. Methods A 55-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with severe neck pain after falling approximately 15 feet and landing on his head. Computed tomography scan of the cervical spine revealed an unst...

p-Hydroxyphenylacetate hydroxylase (HPAH) from Acinetobacter baumannii catalyzes the hydroxylation of p-hydroxyphenylacetate (HPA) to form 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate (DHPA). HPAH is composed of two proteins: a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) reductase (C1) and an oxygenase (C2). C1 catalyzes the reduction of FMN by NADH to generate reduced FMN (FMNH-) for use by C2 in the hydroxylation reaction. C1...

STUDY DESIGN This is an in vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE To compare the biomechanical stability of the 3 C1-C2 transarticular screw salvaging fixation techniques. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA Stabilization of the atlantoaxial complex is a challenging procedure because of its complicated anatomy. Many posterior stabilization techniques of the atlantoaxial complex have been developed wi...

A body moves in a rarefied medium composed of point particles at rest. The particles make elastic reflections when colliding with the body surface, and do not interact with each other. We consider a generalization of Newton’s minimal resistance problem: given two bounded convex bodies C1 and C2 such that C1 ⊂ C2 ⊂ R and ∂C1 ∩∂C2 = ∅, minimize the resistance in the class of connected bodies B su...

Thirty-seven patients, 19 males and 18 females, with a mean age of 37.6 years (range 9-62), underwent atlantoaxial fusion for atlantoaxial instability associated with pseudarthrosis of the odontoid, fixed rotary subluxation, rheumatoid arthritis, and mongolism. Two operative techniques were used: transarticular C1-C2 screws and posterior bone grafts according to Magerl, but without posterior wi...