Background and Importance: Disk sequestration can be defined as a herniated disk with perforation of the fibrous ring (or outermost annulus fibrosus) and posterior longitudinal ligament with migration of the disk fragment to the epidural space. Even after the introduction of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is still frequently misinterpreted as neoplastic masses. U...

Several MRI contrast agents (CAs) are used in medical diagnosis that gadolinium (Gd3+) is the most widely used as contrast agents. Unfortunately, its toxicity is due to its inefficiency. In this review, we discuss about the ability of SPIONs in MRI and application in Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) such as magnetite nanoparticles are used as goo...

Background: Rabies is a fatal and often neglected disease leading to encephalomyelitis following bite by an infected mammal. According the necessity of rabies in Iran, we present four cases virus infection. Case Presentation: We presented 4 infection hospitalized different hospitals Iran 2021-2022. Three patients were male. The youngest patient was 6 years old oldest 81 old. In all cases, RT-PC...

FAO promotes Sustainable Production Intensification (SPI), which consists of a technology menu for optimizing crop production per unit area, taking into consideration the range of sustainability aspects including potential and/or real social, political, economic and environmental impacts. The author suggests that Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) cropping is not only well aligned to SPI but a...

In the original publication of this article unfortunately the co-authors were omitted. The two co-authors are displayed now.

In this editorial, the importance of VBNC in clinical practice and future researches interests has been pinpointed. Accurate detection of VBNC, especially for major mentioned pathogens, is the future research gap. 

In many countries around the world, including Iran, obesity is reaching epidemic proportions. Doctors have recently taken, or expressed support for, an extreme ‘personal responsibility for health’ policy against obesity: refusing services to obese patients. This policy may initially seem to improve patients’ incentives to fight obesity. But turning access to medical services into a benefit depe...