translation is an activity that crystalizes borders. in aworld with good translations, there are no borders but the wall is not made ofconcrete. there are boundaries but crystal walls that has emerged from the workof translators. in a world, where borders is inevitable translation is a way tocleanse borders of factious and desperate. if we translate in accordance to thetheory of antoine berman,...

The present study sets out to investigate whether the position of literary works in the English literary polysystem influences the Iranian translators’ translational behavior at the textual level. Given the prominent position of canon and bestseller novels in English literary polysystem, the study intends to find out whether the translators of canon and bestseller novels are faithful to theirso...

defamiliarize or deviation is one of the foundational pillar to studies of contemporary linguistics and the purpose of it is deviation from the norm logical and natural and going beyond the common language, so stylistic and aesthetic purposes language appear in this manner and this (unfamiliarity) can create  intellectual engagement in mind of the reader and make an impression on his. ghada al-...

extended abstract 1. introduction according to toury (1995), translation is a norm-based behavior. in the course of their direct and indirect trainings, translators familiarize themselves with the linguistic, cultural and social norms which are used by the contemporary translators and later, as professional translators, use them consciously or unconsciously in their translations. in other words...

this paper examines the influence of persian words on italian culture and literature. these words entered italian literature before the 14 th century . first , it should be mentioned that the standard italian language has a literary origin that starts in the twelfth century, and the modern standard language was largely shaped by relatively recent events. this european language did not remain un...