according to research, over seventy percent of change efforts have been failed to achieve the expected goals. there are many reasons for the failure of change implementation, however, at the strategic and macro level, the non-alignment between business strategy and change variations may lead to the failure of change efforts. in this paper, the alignment between business strategy and change vari...

This article investigates the comparative-static properties of an urban model where commuting cost is a function of income. In the standard urban model [Wheaton, W.C., 1974. A comparative static analysis of urban spatial structure. J. Econ. Theory 9, 223–237] commuting cost depends only on distance, but a more realistic formulation makes commuting cost per mile an increasing function of income....

Business cycles in emerging markets are characterized by high levels of volatility in income, investment, and net exports. Consumption is more volatile than income, and net exports are highly countercyclical (see Aguiar and Gopinath, 2007). Furthermore, the interest rates faced by these economies are highly volatile and negatively correlated with income, as described in Neumeyer and Perri (2005...

Received: 1 November 2008 Revised: 27 July 2009 Accepted: 27 July 2009 Online publication date: 7 January 2010 Abstract Although multinationals operate under cross-border jurisdictions, the relevance of interstate security relations to international business has received little attention. Despite the impressive accumulation of knowledge in international business and international relations, the...

This paper investigates the sources of rising lifetime incomes in Ghana using both existing cross-section data and a new panel data set which allows us to measure earnings growth within jobs and to construct lifetime work histories for both wage employees and the selfemployed. In Ghana as elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa the nonrural self-employed constitute the most rapidly growing part of the ...

The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 rewrote the reforestation tax incentives available to private forest owners. Owners can now deduct outright reforestation costs up to $10,000 per year for each qualified timber property and amortize any additional amount over 8 tax years. To assess the economic effect of the new incentives on forest owners, the authors developed spreadsheets to calculate a...

Research Motivation Policy makers see industrial development as key to aggregate growth, but debate its value as a poverty alleviation strategy. For some, industrial jobs are exploitative and harmful, overworking the poorest, exposing them to health risks or unpleasant working conditions. For them, the key is to regulate these jobs, as well as to encourage people to remain smallholders or suppo...

International student migration remains an under-researched field in migration studies, and this is especially true of return migration. This paper analyses students from Slovakia who have studied in the UK, both on degree courses and language/vocational courses, and have subsequently returned to their country of origin. It analyses their motivations, their acquisition of human capital in the U...

Recent welfare reforms, designed to move adult welfare recipients into employment, promise to add 10 to 15 percent to labor forces in rural and agricultural areas of California with average annual unemployment rates of 12 to 20 percent. This paper develops and estimates a simultaneous-equation model to test the hypothesis that high unemployment and seasonality endemic to rural and agricultural ...

Presidents and policy analysts are periodically seized with a passion to reform the nation’s welfare system. This passion occasionally results in a serious proposal for thorough reform, such as President Nixon’s Family Assistance Plan, President Carter’s Program for Better Jobs and Income, or President Reagan’s New Federalism. The only reform proposal that has received experimental scrutiny, ho...