A PIC simulation of the interaction of a positive charged bunch with an e-cloud yields the wake kick from the electrons on the tail particles of the bunch. The wake is induced from a certain offset in the transverse position of the head parts of the bunch which perturbs the electron distribution. Such pre-computed wake functions of each offset part of the bunch are forming a matrix which could ...

many fungi cause sugar beet root rot during various stages of the plant growth. among them rhizoctonia spp. induce crown rot, dry rot and violet root rot on sugar beet (whitney and duffos,1986). root rot caused by phytophthora drechsleri has been observed in fields with excessive moisture (habibi,1975). pythium aphanidermatum has been recognized as one of the causal agents of sugar beet, dampin...

Metallic silver nanoparticles have been reduced from silver nitrate by employing the extracellular enzymatic machinery of edible White button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). The physical properties of these particles, size and shapes have been determined using techniques like TEM, FTIR and XRD and were reported in our earlier report. But, what stands of paramount importance in the presen...

Brown-rot fungi are Basidiomycetes that remove cellulose and other polysaccharides from wood, leaving an amorphous, brown, crumbly residue that is composed largely of lignin, hence the name brown-rot. Decay by brown-rot fungi is by far the most serious type of damage to wood in-service. These fungi cause structural failure before losses in total wood substance are detected. The effect of brown-...

Rotenone (ROT) is a widely used inhibitor of complex I (CI), the first complex of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. However, particularly at high concentrations ROT was also described to display off-target effects. Here we studied how ROT affected in vitro primary murine myotube formation. We demonstrate that myotube formation is specifically inhibited by ROT (10-100n...

After extraction, the damping ring (DR) bunch length is eom@essed in the RTL (Ring-To-Linac) transport line to achieve the desired linac bunch length. For this, an energy spread is induced proportional to the DR bunch length, producing large, aperture filling, horizontal beam sizes in the dispersive regions of the RTL. There, nonlinear magnetic fields and wakefields cause higher order dispersio...

Existing methods of analysing the e ect of bunch to bunch tune shifts on coupled bunch instabilities are applicable to beams with a single unstable mode, or a few non-interacting unstable modes. We present a more general approach that involves computing the eigenvalues of a reduced state matrix. The method is applied to the analysis of PEP-II longitudinal coupled bunch modes, a large number of ...

The present bunch compressor design for the NLC allows control of the final bunch length by way of changes to the horizontal betatron phase advance of the 180ƒ-turnaround arc. This adjustability requirement significantly constrains the design and cost optimization of the system and excludes the possibility of using permanent-magnet quadrupoles in the arc. To relieve this constraint, and to avoi...

Transverse wakefield kicks from misaligned accelerating structures in the SLC linac contribute significantly to emittance growth. If these kicks could be measured directly, it would be possible to align and/or steer the beam to a kick-free trajectory. In the Accelerator Structure Test Facility at SLAC, ASSET [1], the kicks due to a drive bunch are measured with a witness bunch at varying bunch ...

A hardware system that acquires and stores a large buffer of bunch-by-bunch 16-bit data has been realized. A high resolution (up to 16-bit) analog-to-digital converter (ADC), or bank of ADCs, samples the analog signal at the bunch frequency. The digitized data is fed into a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), which contains an interface to a bank of Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR) type memory. W...