OBJECTIVE The past two decades have seen dramatic progress in our ability to model brain signals recorded by electroencephalography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, etc., and to derive real-time estimates of user cognitive state, response, or intent for a variety of purposes: to restore communication by the severely disabled, to effect brain-actuated control and, more recently, to augmen...

Motor imagery-based brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication interface between an external machine and the brain. Many kinds of spatial filters are used in BCIs to enhance the electroencephalography (EEG) features related to motor imagery. The approach of channel selection, developed to reserve meaningful EEG channels, is also an important technique for the development of BCIs. However...

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a non-muscular communication channel for persons with severe motor impairments. Previous studies have shown that the aptitude with which a BCI can be controlled varies from person to person. A reliable predictor of performance could facilitate selection of a suitable BCI paradigm. Eleven severely motor impaired participants performed three sessions of a ...

In this paper we present a framework for reducing the development time needed for creating applications for use in non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Our framework is primarily focused on facilitating rapid software "app" development akin to current efforts in consumer portable computing (e.g. smart phones and tablets). This is accomplished by handling intermodule communication witho...

A brain–computer interface (BCI) is a communication channel which does not depend on the brain’s normal output pathways of peripheral nerves and muscles [1–3]. It supplies paralyzed patients with a new approach to communicate with the environment. Among various brain monitoring methods employed in current BCI research, electroencephalogram (EEG) is the main interest due to its advantages of low...

Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) measure brain signals of brain activity intentionally and unintentionally induced by the user, and thus provide a promising communication channel that does not depend on the brain‟s normal output pathway consisting of peripheral nerves and muscles. Present-day Brain Computer Interfaces determine the intent of the user from a variety of different electrophysiolog...

I . OVERVIEW The field of brainYcomputer interface (BCI) research began to develop about 25 years ago and transformed from initially isolated demonstrations by a few groups into a large scientific enterprise that is currently producing hundreds of peer-reviewed articles and several dedicated conferences and workshops each year. This level of productivity is reflective of the large and continual...

As the proliferation of technology dramatically infiltrates all aspects of social life, engineering will continue to intertwine the human brain with technology, thus forming integrated neurotechnological systems. Major forerunners of such a conception are brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), which are based on a direct communication pathway between the human brain and an external device. First dev...

Modelling of spin transport and spin dynamics, as a prerequisite for designing spintronic devices, is considered. Spin injection into a semiconductor under chargedepletion, chargeneutrality, and charge accumulation is investigated. The existence of amaximum spin current density in the bulk at a large spin current density at the interface in charge accumulation is related to the spin current at ...