INTRODUCTION Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder characterized by elevated parathyroid hormone levels, which cause continuous osteoclastic bone resorption. Giant cell tumor of bone is an expansile osteolytic tumor that contains numerous osteoclast-like giant cells. There are many similarities in the radiological and histological features of giant cell tumor of bone and br...

Fig. S1: Mutation matrices used in this study. (a) JAK2-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm: single-cell exome sequencing of 58 tumor cells, 18 mutation sites selected for importance out of 712 SNVs [1]. Estimated error rates: 0.4309 for allelic dropout and 6.04 × 10−6 for false discovery, 45% missing data points. The mutation matrix is taken from [2]. Color coding of matrix cells: blue hetero...

Hibernomas are extremely rare benign tumors of adipose tissue characterized by an admixture of brown fat cells with granular, multivacuolated cytoplasm and white fat cells. Hibernomas account for 1.6% of benign adipose tissue tumors and approximately 1.1% of all adipocytic tumors. Around 10% of these cases are intramuscular. It was initially described in the early 1900s as being composed of bro...

Primary hyperparathyroidism revealed by thoracic spine brown tumor and peptic ulcer bleeding is rare. We presented a case of 33-year-old male patient who was admitted with paraplegia. Thoracic spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extradural lesion at T4 level. He underwent surgical decompression in T4. According to histopathologic finding and elevated serum parathormone (PTH) and hyper...

N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is a highly abundant brain metabolite. Aberrant NAA concentrations have been detected in many pathological conditions and although the function of NAA has been extensively investigated in the brain it is still controversial. Only recently, a role of NAA has been reported outside the brain. In brown adipocytes, which show high expression of the NAA-producing and the NAA-c...

INTRODUCTION Ganglioneuroma is a rare tumor in the posterior mediastinum; fat-containing ganglioneuromas are rarely reported. The present case report documents a brown fat-containing, posterior mediastinal ganglioneuroma, which has not been reported previously. Radiological examination, in particular 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, suggested that the tumor had low-grad...

BACKGROUND Brown tumors have rarely been described as involving the orbital bones. In this article we present the radiological and clinical properties, diagnosis and treatment of an orbital brown tumor case with primary HPT caused by parathyroid adenoma. CASE REPORT A 38-year-old woman presented with left-sided facial pain and history of leg pain from 1.5 years before that time, with walking ...