Sommary-_The polarographic reduction of hydrogen ion, furnished by dissociation of a Brransted acid or present in the undissociated Brsnsted acid, is reviewed for the situation where a solvent other than water is involved. INTRODUCTION THE electrochemical reduction of hydrogen ion in aqueous solution has long been a major problem in electrochemistry, as indicated by the voluminous literature on...

Diphenyl-, aryl-a-siloxyand %-furany1 carbenes can be protonated by even weak proton donors such as alcohols (by a bimolecular or by a pre-association mechanism involving more than one alcohol molecule) to yield the corresponding carbenium ions, whose spectra and electrophilic patterns of behavior are described. INTRODUCTION Proton transfer reactions to and from heteroatoms (= "normal" Bronsted...

A misconception is a problem that often encountered in the world of education caused by several things, including students' initial prejudices, incompetent teachers, unclear textbooks, different contexts student experience, and teaching methods only contain lectures. This study intended to answer regarding effectiveness cognitive conflict-based chemistry learning reducing misconceptions about a...

A two-step greener catalytic process has been developed for the semi-synthesis of (?)-menthol from citronellal-rich essential oils such as Cymbopogon winterianus and Corymbia citriodora by using novel bi-acidic composites. These composites (Al-B-NaYZE or Sn-B-NaYZE) were prepared impregnation Sn-B Al-B over NaYZE framework to increase Lewis Bronsted acidic sites. thoroughly characterized TDP, F...

This study primarily addresses the development of dynamic, selective and economical metal–acid (bifunctional) catalysts for one-pot menthol production by citral hydrogenation. Specifically, various metals such as Pd, Pt, Ni, Cs Sn were doped over alumina support. Additionally, bifunctional composite also prepared with impregnation heteropoly acids Pd precursors Analytical techniques (e.g., BET,...

A convenient and efficient direct protocol for the preparation of antibacterial azo dyes by the reaction of 2-naphthol with aromatic amines in the presence of catalytic amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate ([H-NMP]HSO4) was carried out under solvent free conditions. This method has some advantages such as: easy work-up and easy separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture. Th...