Carbamazepine-induced lupus is uncommon; its frequency is less than 0.001% of the cases of lupus treated. Herein we describe a 52-year-old woman who had development of facial erythema, arthralgia, dyspnea, and multiple pulmonary rounded masses and nodules while she was taking carbamazepine for epilepsy. Pulmonary histologic examination showed bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Antin...

Pneumothorax is very rare after early phase of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and usually accompanied with pulmonary chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), such as bronchiolitis obliterans and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. The present study describes the case of a seventeen-year-old male diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia who underwent allogeneic bone marr...

Constrictive bronchiolitis obliterans is a fibrotic disease of small airways characterized by progressive obliteration of the airway lumen, with resulting obstructive pulmonary physiology. While previous work has demonstrated the collagenous nature of the constrictive fibrotic lesions, elastin expression in the disease has been poorly characterized. Elastin is a critical component of the pulmon...

A combination of helium and oxygen (heliox) can facilitate gas exchange and limit peak inspiratory pressures through reduced resistance to gas flow and decreased turbulent flow. The combination of these gases has been used for a variety of upper and lower airway conditions, including patients who were spontaneously breathing, receiving noninvasive ventilation, as well as during mechanical venti...

Diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) is a natural ingredient in foodstuffs which is not generally regarded health risk to consumers. Nevertheless, when manufactured for use as a synthetic flavouring/additive in processed foods (e.g. microwave popcorn), it poses a human health threat at the workplace. Its pneumotoxic action consists of inflammation, obstruction and restriction in the distal respiratory tr...

Nitrogen oxides are representative chemicals of occupational and environmental exposure, which can lead to fatal pulmonary injury. These oxides are also known to cause delayed occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Herein, we report a case of nitrogen oxide-induced lung injury. A 50-year-old man developed pulmonary edema after nitric acid exposure. Hypoxemia and respiratory failure were i...