BACKGROUND The efficacy of an antibiotic is related to its concentration at the site of infection. Previous studies of the concentrations of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid (co-amoxiclav) in respiratory secretions or whole lung tissue have suffered from methodological problems. The concentration of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid was determined in bronchial mucosal biopsy samples obtained at br...

Bronchial asthma and obesity are common medical problems as there are more than 300 million patients with bronchial asthma [1,2] and 2 billion obese and overweight subjects worldwide [3]. However, about 36% of American subjects were obese in 20092010 [4]. In this regard, association between obesity and asthma reduce responsiveness to steroid therapy, increase exacerbation of asthma and reduce c...

Human placental alkaline phosphatase (HPLAP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) were localized immunohistochemically in paraffin sections of normal lung tissue from 16 patients, using monoclonal antibodies and an indirect avidin-biotin-peroxidase staining procedure. HPLAP and CEA were present in epithelial cells of respiratory bronchioli and alveolar type I pneumoc...

The interaction between the epithelial cells and the subjacent mesenchymal cells in the airway is thought to play a major role during tissue repair and morphogenesis. To evaluate this interaction, we cultured human lung fibroblasts and bovine bronchial epithelial cells and determined that fibroblast-conditioned medium has chemotactic activity for bronchial epithelial cells. This activity was no...

The profile of cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with bronchial asthma on stimulation with house dust mite was demonstrated to be compatible with that of helper T type 2 (Th2) cells (1). The number of Th2 cells was also shown to be increased in bronchial tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with bronchial asthma. Also, the recruitment...

BACKGROUND Kawasaki Disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed nations. The KD etiologic agent is unknown but likely to be a ubiquitous microbe that usually causes asymptomatic childhood infection, resulting in KD only in genetically susceptible individuals. KD synthetic antibodies made from prevalent IgA gene sequences in KD arterial tissue detect ...

Cigarette smoke (CS) has a major impact on lung biology and may result in the development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or lung cancer. To understand the underlying mechanisms of disease development, it would be important to examine the impact of CS exposure directly on lung tissues. However, this approach is difficult to implement in epidemiological studies bec...

I read with interest the study by Coleman et al on lumen eotaxins and eosinophils, and epithelial brushing eotaxins in chronic asthma. Authors conclude that eotaxin-2 and -3 may contribute to luminal migration of eosinophils. However, potential roles of such transepithelial cell traffic are not discussed. In a recent editorial, Rosenberg highlights the possibility that luminal migration of eosi...

Langerhans cells are dendritic that form the antigenic barrier of human body. They occur in nearly any tissue but most prevalent skin, submucosa bronchial tree, and other mucosae. Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) develops when these damage tissues which they reside through a combination inflammatory monoclonal stimulation. The pulmonary variant LCH involves lung parenchyma creates wide variety disturba...