BACKGROUND Recently, multi-planar reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3D) spiral chest CT scan has demonstrated superiority in the evaluation of the tracheobronchial tree. The goal of this study was to measure the lengths of the right and left main bronchi and their anteroposterior (AP) and transverse (TR) diameters using the 3D and two-dimensional (2D) images in the same adult respectivel...

The pathological lesions induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in bronchi and alveoli of mice were studied by intratracheal instillation and inhalation. In instillation groups, the dose was 0.05 mg MWCNTs/mouse. Similar size clumps of MWCNTs were distributed in bronchi and alveoli. The clumps led to inflammation to the lining wall of bronchi and severe destruction to alveolar netted ...

An examination has been made of the amount of bronchial cartilage in the subsegmental bronchi of nine chronic bronchitics and seven controls. The axial pathway in four or five representative bronchopulmonary segments were carefully dissected in each lung. In each segment the mean extent of cartilage arranged circumferentially in the walls of the bronchi was significantly less in the chronic bro...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES There are limited data on, and controversies regarding gender differences in the airway dimensions of smokers. Multi-detector CT (MDCT) images were analyzed to examine whether gender could explain differences in airway dimensions of anatomically matched airways in smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used VIDA imaging software to analyze MDCT scans from 2047 smokers (M:F...

Experiments were conducted in bovine isolated bronchi and pulmonary vessels to test whether nitric oxide (NO) could reduce carbachol and hypoxia or KCl (120 mM) induced contraction. Segments of bronchus or pulmonary vessels were slipped around a water-filled balloon connected to a pressure transducer, and mounted in 3 ml thermostated chamber filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution equilibrated wit...

Substance P (SP)-immunoreactive nerve fibres were searched for at all levels of both fetal and adult human lower respiratory tract. Because the demonstrability of substance P immunoreactivity varies between different animal species, rabbit pulmonary tissue was also subjected to SP immunohistochemistry. Human irises and corneas served as positive human controls. The specimens were taken from 10 ...

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor essential for the development and survival of neurons, and is also an important mediator of inflammation. It is released by airway cells stimulated by interleukin (IL)-1beta. As IL-1beta induces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to the tachykinin NK-1 receptor agonist [Sar9,Met(O2)11]-substance P in human isolated bronchi, the aim of this study ...

tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (to) is a rare disorder of large airways with unknown etiology which is characterized by cartilaginous and bony nodules lining the mucosa of the trachea and major bronchi. generally, it is benign and asymptomatic, but it may present with cough, exertional dyspnea and wheezing. it could therefore be mistaken with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary ...

tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (to) is a rare and usually benign disorder affecting the trachea and occasionally the bronchi. a case of to was diagnosed in a 61 year old male farmer presenting with pulmonary infections and prolonged productive cough. a bronchoscopy revealed multiple nodular excrescences aong the anterolateral wall of the trachea and main bronchi. ct scans showed mode...