Leptosphaeria maculans 'brassicae' is a damaging fungal pathogen of canola (Brassica napus), causing lesions on cotyledons and leaves, and cankers on the lower stem. A related species, L. biglobosa 'canadensis', colonises cotyledons but causes few stem cankers. We describe the complement of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys) and peptidases of these fungi, as well as of four rela...

Intracellular punctures by aphid stylets appear as potential drop (pd) waveforms in DC electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings. We used a dual-EPG device that recorded in one channel the ‘full EPG’ with R-plus emf-components (i.e., the usual DC EPG) and concurrently in a second channel the ‘R-EPG’ with R-components only. The circuit of the latter channel was an optimised amplitude modulat...

The cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a serious pest of vegetable crops throughout the world. In order to determine whether or not M. brassicae is a migrant, and if yes, what is the pattern of M. brassicae seasonal migration, a long-term study on M. brassicae from April to October in 2003-2014 was carried out by means of a searchlight trap on a small island locate...