Wnt gene expression was investigated by ribonuclease protection analysis in human breast cancer, nontumorous breast tissue, and a variety of human breast cell lines. We report the expression of Wnt3, Wnt4, and Wnt7b in human breast cell lines and Wnt2, Wnt3, Wnt4, and Wnt7b in human breast tissues. Wnt3a and Wnt7a were absent in the cell lines and tissues tested. The level of expression of Wnt2...

background: h2ax is a histone variant that is systematically found and ubiquitously distributed throughout the genome. dna double-strand breaks (dsbs) induce phosphorylation of h2ax at serine 139 (γh2ax), an immunocytochemical assay with antibodies recognizing γh2ax has become the gold standard for the detection of dsbs. the importance of this assay to investigate different individual responses...

A total number of 70 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks obtained from Iraqi patients with histopathologically diagnosed breast cancers, as well as 20 apparently healthy breast tissues (as a control group), were related to the period from January 2009 to August 2012, have been enrolled for CMV-DNA detection by in situ hybridization (ISH) technique. The mean age of patients was 41.7 y...

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is one of the major sub-types of estrogen receptors. ERα plays an important role in cellular proliferation and differentiation, chiefly in mammary tissues. In the present study we aimed to quantify of ERα mRNA and protein expression in breast tissues from the Iranian population using a real-time PCR assay. Twenty nine breast tissues including 19 adenocarcinomas and...

Cancers are characterized by an increasing glycolytic activity, which is called the Warburg effect. Although this phenomenon is well known, the mechanism of the enhanced rate of glycolysis in cancer has not yet been clearly recognized. The present study investigated the glycolytic rate, regulatory enzymatic activities and the expression of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) in human breast cancer an...

It is well known that sex steroids are involved in the growth of breast cancers, and the great majority of breast carcinomas express estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and androgen (AR) receptors. In particular, recent studies have demonstrated that estrogens and androgens are locally produced in breast carcinoma tissues, and total blockade of in situ estrogen production potentially leads to an ...

Current evidences suggest that expression of Ki67, cyclooxygenase (COX), aromatase, adipokines, prostaglandins, free radicals, β-catenin and α-SMA might be involved in breast cancer pathogenesis. The main objective of this study was to compare expression/localization of these potential compounds in breast cancer tissues with tissues collected adjacent to the tumor using immunohistochemistry and...

Programmed cell death 4 gene (PDCD4), an in vivo repressor of transformation, was originally isolated from a human glioma library by screening it with an antibody against a nuclear antigen in proliferating cells. PDCD4 functions as a transformation repressor by inhibiting the activity of the RNA helicase, eIF4A. We previously showed that retinoids, anti-estrogens and HER2/neu antagonist induce ...

Aims: The present study is to investigate the expression of thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 homolog (Thrsp) and thyroid hormone receptor β1 (TRβ1) proteins in human breast cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, as well as its relationship with clinical pathological data of breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 112 Uygur and Han patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma and lobular c...