BACKGROUND The purpose of this article was to report our experience in achieving satisfactory breast shape and volume using dual pedicle mastopexy technique after subglandular and submuscular breast implant removal. METHODS Breast implant-related problems in 51 breasts included capsular contracture (Baker grade III-IV), 76%; implant rupture/bleed, 41%; breasts undergoing repeat surgery more t...

background: although multifocal and multicentric breast cancers are a common entity, their clinical behavior is not well characterized. with the widespread use of mammographic screening and improved sensitivity of imaging modalities, the detection of multifocal and multicentric breast cancers is likely to continuously increase. many studies have consistently shown a correlation between multifoc...

Introduction: Many women think about reduction mammaplasty for different reasons. The effect of surgery on the beast sensibility is one of the greatest concerns after reconstructive reductive breast surgery through its affect on patient’s social life and psychological health. The dermatomal somatosensory evoked potential (D-SEP) is a new method to quantitatively evaluate breast sensibility. Pat...

Background: Determination of the impact of angiogenesis on tumor development and progression is essential. This study aimed to determine the serum levels of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in breast carcinoma, and to correlate them with tumor size, lymph node involvement, and cancer stage. Methods: Under aseptic precautions 5 ml of venous blood was collecte...

Breastfeeding is negatively correlated with future fertility because nursing temporarily reduces fecundity and because mothers usually wean on becoming pregnant again. We model breastfeeding under son-biased fertility preferences and show that breastfeeding duration increases with birth order, especially near target family size; is lowest for daughters and children without older brothers becaus...

BACKGROUND Breast augmentation is the most frequent procedure performed according to the 2009 Quick Facts report of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. This study presents the periareolar extra-glandular breast augmentation. METHODS From 2004 to 2010 among 32 female patients, peri-areolar incision was performed for breast augmentation. Dissection was performed in subcutaneous plane tow...

Summary Fertility estimates from the 1973 Indonesian Fertility Mortality Survey are presented and compared with estimates from the 1971 population census. Although there are some differences, on the whole the two sources are remarkably consistent, indicating the same regional differentials: highest fertility in Sumatra (T.F.R. in rural areas around 7.0), followed by West Java and Sulawesi, Ba...

Iteroparous organisms maximize their overall fitness by optimizing their reproductive effort over multiple reproductive events. Hence, changes in reproductive effort are expected to have both short- and long-term consequences on parents and their offspring. In laboratory rodents, manipulation of reproductive efforts during lactation has however revealed few short-term reproductive adjustments, ...

Introduction: N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) is a carcinogen from nitrosamines family, which has been used to induce breast cancer in rodents. This model of breast cancer is very similar to the estrogen dependent breast cancer in human. As a continuation of our recent works, in the present study, the expressions of both p53 and p27 were investigated in NMU-induced breast cancer in Wistar Albin...

The quick answer is it's likely, but the extent to which breast size increases depends both on the woman and the type of birth control pill she uses. Estrogen and progestin, the hormones found in birth control pills, often lead to an increase in breast size that generally reverses after a few cycles or when the woman goes off the pill. One reason the breasts become larger and feel engorged is b...