In a structural time series regression model, binary variables have been used to quantify qualitative or categorical quantitative events such as politic and economic structural breaks, regions, age groups and etc. The use of the binary dummy variables is not reasonable because the effect of an event decreases (increases) gradually over time not at once. The simple and basic idea in this paper i...

background: fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in primary care that adversely affects work, family life, and social relations. the purpose of this study was to survey the relationship between work schedule and fatigue among the emergency personnel of isfahan, iran using the checklist individual strength (cis) standard method in 2010. methods: this cross-sectional study was performed on ...

neuronal and astroglial cells were prepared from whole brain of three month and 30-month- old rats for study of alterations in the nuclear poly adp-ribosylation and dna breaks with age. the relative purity of the cell preparations was confirmed by the determination of the neurofilament (low molecular weight) and glutamine synthetase content of the cells using elisa. an increase (75%) in the pol...

The paper examines the long-run relationships between the spot and future prices of Istanbul Stock Exchange 30 index (ISE-30) and foreign currencies including the Turkish Lira-US Dollar (TL/USD) and Turkish Lira-Euro (TL/EUR). We analyze the weekly data covering the period from February 9, 2005 to October 17, 2012. Considering structural breaks is important for our analysis since our period con...

This paper examines volatility persistence in leverage loan market price series for Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, Singapore, UK and USA the presence of structural breaks. To best our knowledge, this is first empirical study to examine leveraged markets. end, using fractional integration methods, results indicate that both absolute squared returns display long memory features, with orders co...