This study investigated the structural changes in bread during ambient storage. The were studied using X-ray micro-computed tomography. Fresh had a porosity of 53.7 ± 1.6% and high pore connection value, suggesting that most pores are extensively interconnected. Moreover, fresh cell walls with an average thickness about 0.2 mm wide size distribution. During storage, underwent substantial water-...

In the present era, consumers wish to have a wide range of foods that are nutritious and flavorful and have long shelf life without added preservatives. Sourdough is an important modern fermentation of cereal flours and water based upon an earlier spontaneous process. The sourdough microflora is dominated by lactic acid bacteria and, along with yeast, they play a key role in the fermentation of...

When a strain of bacteria is streaked on a nutrient agar or gelatin medium containing a large number of its own viable cells, no growth appears even after long incubation. Eijkman (1904) and Powers and Levine (1937) suggested that this phenomenon of "staling" was due to specific, autoinhibitory substances and that it might serve as a basis for selective and differential techniques in determinat...

Researchers have revealed many novel applications for plum and raisin products as functional natural bakery ingredients. Raisin and plum concentrate were incorporated into the bread formulation at different concentrations and their effects on the rheological, baking properties and shelf life of breads were evaluated. The results showed that the use of plum concentrate at 6% had the highest wate...

The development of food production processes is facilitated by tools which explore the interaction between process design, operation conditions and product characteristics. In this work an approach how to set-up a simulation model is presented for the phenomena and transformations which occur during baking and which fix the product quality. The simulation model has three consecutive parts: mass...