Since the early days of arti5cial intelligence, there has been interest in having a computer teach itself how to play a game of skill, like checkers, at a level that is competitive with human experts. To be truly noteworthy, such e7orts should minimize the amount of human intervention in the learning process. Recently, co-evolution has been used to evolve a neural network (called Anaconda) that...

This study focuses on the freshwater factors affecting Western Alaska Chinook salmon productivity through three complementary studies: a retrospective study of salmon scales examining the relationship between freshwater growth and survival to adulthood, a study of the persistent effects of infection of adults with the parasite Ichthyophonus on their offspring, and laboratory rearing experiments...

In the flesh (skinless fillet) of chinook, chum, coho, pink, and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, O. keta, O. kisutch, O. gorbuscha, and O. nerka, respectively), sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) and walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from several sites in the northeast Pacific sampled between 2002 and 2008, tetra- and pentabrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) (BDE 47, 49, 99, and 100) ...

Doubled haploid gynogens are individuals whose genetic material consists of two identical maternal chromosome sets and who lack paternal contributions. These can be useful in whole-genome sequence assembly to eliminate allelic variation an individual that otherwise complicates the discrimination SNPs paralogs regular diploids. This is particularly important salmonid species, which have extensiv...

Nonmarket valuation research has produced economic value estimates for a variety of threatened, endangered, and rare species around the world. Although over 40 value estimates exist, it is often difficult to compare values from different studies due to variations in study design, implementation, and modeling specifications. We conducted a stated-preference choice experiment to estimate the valu...

Fall spawning pacific salmon provision large amounts of yolk to their eggs to allow survival of larvae during under the ice winter conditions. This yolk provisioning leads to maternal offloading of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to eggs and larvae. Previous research has shown that Chinook salmon larvae exhibit limited capacity to eliminate POPs during the cold water period resulting in bi...

Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha are highly susceptible to Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD). Previously we demonstrated that introduced Chinook salmon from Lake Michigan, Wisconsin (WI), USA, have higher survival following R. salmoninarum challenge relative to the progenitor stock from Green River, Washington, USA. In the present study, we...