The assessment of brain stem function in comatose patients is now regular medical practice world wide. When envisaging a diagnosis of brain stem death it is essential, firstly, to establish that the patient is suffering from irremediable structural brain damage of known cause, and, secondly, to exclude the primary or contributory role of reversible causes of apnoeic coma with absent brain stem ...

The occurrence of secondary brain stem hemorrhage was studied in 435 autopsies from patients with recent cerebral hemorrhage, infarction or ruptured cerebral aneurysms. The frequency of secondary brain stem hemorrhage was found to be 45% in cerebral hemorrhage, 15% in cerebral infarction, and 36% in ruptured aneurysms. In the majority of cases the secondary brain stem hemorrhage occurred a few ...

OBJECTIVE To provide information about activation of descending motor pathways in humans, motor evoked potentials were obtained from 16 patients without any sensorimotor deficit, after both cortical and brain stem stimulation. METHOD Total anesthesia was achieved in all patients through intravenous administration. Short trains of one to five electrical pulses were delivered separately to the ...

Brain stem is the most vital part of our body and is a transitional region of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. Though, being small in size, it is full of indispensible functions such as the breathing, heart beat. Injury to the brain stem has similar effects as a brain injury, but it is more fatal. Use of the Glasgow Coma Score as a prognostic indicator of outcome in pa...

OBJECTIVE Among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), sleep disturbances are common and serious noncognitive symptoms. Previous studies of AD patients have identified deformations in the brain stem, which may play an important role in the regulation of sleep. The aim of this study was to further investigate the relationship between sleep disturbances and alterations in brain stem morphology i...

in the last century, neural stem cells are used in a lot of studies for basic and therapeutic investigations. several sources are identified for neural stem cells including embryonic, fetal and adult stem cells. although most of studies have focused in embryonic as well as fetal cells due to their capacity to generate progenies, these cells have some problems such as immunological, availability...

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are suggested as the most dominant causes of recurrence due to their permanent self-renewal and resistance to common cancer treatment in glioblastoma multiform (GBM) which is recognized as the most malignant of brain tumor. It has been indicated that Retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 (RBBP5), a main part of Mixed lineage leukemia protein-1 (MLL1), plays a significant rol...

BACKGROUND We report two cases of brain stem hemorrhage characterized by severe hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure, and a rapidly fatal course. METHODS A 55-year-old man and a 65-year-old man were admitted with coma-producing brain stem hemorrhage accompanied by hyperthermia. Both underwent ventricular drainage. RESULTS Within 1 day of onset, both patients developed hyperther...

Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and disability. There is no definite treatment for brain stroke. Stem cell therapy is useful for treating brain stroke. Mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells can be used to treat stroke. In this review, we explained the benefits of mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells for stem cell therapy and the advantages of combination stem cel...