Understanding brain structures and circuits impacted by alcohol use disorder is critical for improving our future prevention techniques treatment options. A region that has recently gained traction its involvement in substance the insular cortex. This multi-functional spatially complex, resulting a relative lack of understanding cortex disorder. Here we discuss role disorder, particularly durin...

Neurofeedback training (NFT) on a healthy participant was used to analyse brainwave activity during resting state. Electrodes were placed the prefrontal cortex and at reference sites conduct experiment. The patient asked remain still rest by sitting in chair. technology then record electrical waves emitted brain activities. After ten cycles with break interval, theta, alpha, high beta brainwave...

Autism spectrum disorder is associated with alterations in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Here, we aimed to determine the concentration of GABA, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, taurine, glycine brain tissue plasma rats prenatally exposed valproic acid (VPA), a well-characterized experimental model autism. Pregnant were injected VPA (600mg/Kg) during twelfth-embryonic-day. Contr...

introduction: prenatal stress has deleterious effects on the development of the brain and is associated with behavioral and psychosocial problems in childhood and adulthood. this study aimed to determine the protective effect of l-arginine on fetal brain under maternal stress. methods: twenty pregnant wistar rats (weighting 200-230 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=5 for each group). th...

Systematic reviews of neuroimaging studies confirm stimulus-induced activity in response to verbal and non-verbal self-referential processing (SRP) cortical midline structures, temporoparietal cortex insula. Whether SRP can be causally modulated by way non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has also been investigated several studies. Here we summarize the NIBS literature including 27 task-based ...

It is now common to apply functional magnetic resonance imaging explore which areas of the human brain are activated during decision-making process. In study consumer behaviors, product brand has been identified as a major factor affecting purchase decisions. Prior studies indicate that had significant impact on activation. However, it unsure if consumers’ activation also when purchasing brand-...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soy milk on serum 17- β estradiol level and number of neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus as well as determination of the ratio of neurons in cortical and hippocampal regions in neonatal ovariectomized rats. Thirty female rats (one day old) were divided into six groups of five. At day 7, ovariectomy surgery was performed in four groups a...

prenatal stress in rats results in structural, physiological and behavioral alterations that persist in adulthood. serotonin (5-ht) is an important neurotransmitter known to be involved in these prenatal stress-induced behavioral alterations. the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of interrupted synthesis of 5-ht and immobilization stress during different gestational period on brai...

conclusion distinct neurochemical and histological structure changes (cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical cycle) exist in patients with first-episode ocd. 1h-mrs is capable of identifying these changes by assessing metabolic abnormalities. objectives this study aims to use magnetic resonance spectroscopy (mrs) to discover substance-metabolism abnormalities of brain circuits in patients with firs...